刑法保护机能的扩张与限制

发布时间：2019-05-12 13:44

【摘要】：对刑法机能的研究是刑法中的基础理论问题,但最近刑法的理论及立法发展都在刑法的保护机能的扩张和限制问题上产生了较大的分歧和冲突。本文以刑法保护机能的扩张与限制为主线,以问题为导向,试图对以下一系列问题进行了解答：刑法保护机能的扩张是否存在?这种扩张是否具有正当性?扩张的表现形式是什么?刑法的扩张是否应当受到限制?对刑法保护机能扩张的限制是如何实现的?如何在刑法保护机能的扩张与限制之间寻求平衡?并由此提出应当在两者之前寻求平衡,以实现刑法保护机能扩张的现实需要,但同时也不能逾越传统刑法的基本原则,要坚持罪责刑法的基本性质。本文除引言以外的正文部分包括四章的内容：引言部分主要介绍了本文写作的社会背景以及学界对与此相关问题的探讨,进而指出本文研究的意义。在当今社会,对社会安全问题的关注成为刑事立法的重要导向,因此,学界对刑法如何体现自由和秩序的价值平衡也进行了探讨,也提出了许多新的观点和理论。本文希望在对这些理论进行分析和总结的基础上,从刑法保护机能的扩张与限制的视角来探讨这一问题。第一章主要对刑法保护机能进行解读。首先,从刑罚的机能的一般原理入手,刑法的机能可分为本体机能和目的机能,刑法的本体机能是指行为规制机能,而刑法的目的机能则是指人权保障机能和社会保护机能。在此基础上,对刑法的保护机能的内部机理和外部机理进行了分析,刑法的保护机能既有自身的目标和价值定位,也要受到行为规制机能和人权保障机能的制约。第二章主要探讨了刑法保护机能的扩张。首先,探讨了刑法保护机能扩张所体现出的社会背景,对目前较为盛行的风险社会理论进行了解读和分析,并在此基础上判断虽然我国目前并没有进入学者所描述的“风险社会”,但现代社会的各种风险不断增加是一种事实,刑法可以起到对部分人为风险的防范作用。另外,刑法作为社会管理的手段之一,应当积极应对社会形势的变化,这些都是刑法的保护机能的扩张背后的社会原因。其次,本文还从理论和立法两个方面探讨了刑法保护机能扩张的表现,对刑法保护机能扩张的表现形式进行了归纳和梳理。第三章主要分析了对刑法保护机能的扩张的限制。刑法保护机能的扩张虽然有其必要性,但并不是毫无节制的。首先,刑法的保护机能的扩张应受到刑罚的保障机能的限制,在我国当前的社会环境中,在刑法的机能模式上应坚持人权保障机能优先的模式。其次,刑法保护机能的扩张还受到刑法的基本原则的限制,虽然刑法的基本原则不是一成不变的,但对于刑法基本原则的核心概念和内容的坚持,是刑法机能发展不容突破的底线。第四章则是探讨如何寻求对刑法保护机能扩张与限制的平衡,以实现刑法保护机能的协调发展。从协调发展的路径上来看,目前主要有两种可供选择的路径,一是强调刑法功能化的一元化路径,二是以刑罚和“保安处分”并存的二元化路径,笔者通过对这两种路径的优劣的对比,认为在坚持人权保障机能优先的模式下,我国刑法仍然应当坚守罪责刑法的本质,同时承认刑法的适度扩张,以实现刑法机能的平衡发展。在犯罪的本质问题上,应当采用“规范违反说”的立场,同时也要坚持本体论的法益概念,以实现对国家刑罚权的限制。而在对刑罚的性质上,坚持刑罚的本质与目的的一体论,即刑罚的本质在于报应,但刑罚也具有多重目的,报应作为刑罚的本质贯穿于刑罚实现过程的始终,而在刑罚实现过程的不同阶段则主要体现了刑罚的不同目的。最后,在犯罪圈扩大的前提下,刑罚的发展应当以轻缓化为主要方向,实现刑法保护机能的协调发展。
[Abstract]:The research on the function of criminal law is the basic theory in the criminal law, but the recent theoretical and legislative developments of the criminal law have made great differences and conflicts on the expansion and limitation of the protection function of the criminal law. In this paper, the main line of the expansion and limitation of the protection function of the criminal law is to solve the following problems: whether the expansion of the protection function of the criminal law exists? Is this expansion justified? What is the form of expansion? Should the expansion of the criminal law be restricted? How can the limitation of the expansion of the protection function of the criminal law be realized? How to seek a balance between the expansion and the limitation of the protection function of the criminal law? Therefore, it is necessary to seek the balance before the two, so as to realize the realistic need of the criminal law protection function expansion, but at the same time, the basic principle of the traditional criminal law cannot be overcome, and the basic character of the criminal law should be adhered to. In addition to the introduction, this article includes four chapters: The introduction part mainly introduces the social background and the study of the related problems in this paper, and points out the meaning of this paper. In today's society, the concern of social security has become an important guide of criminal legislation. Therefore, the academic circle has also discussed how to embody the value balance of freedom and order in the criminal law, and also put forward many new ideas and theories. On the basis of the analysis and conclusion of these theories, this paper discusses this question from the perspective of the expansion and limitation of the protection function of the criminal law. The first chapter mainly introduces the protection function of the criminal law First, from the general principle of the function of the penalty, the function of the criminal law can be divided into the body function and the purpose function, the body function of the criminal law is the act regulation function, and the purpose function of the criminal law is the human rights protection function and the social protection function. On the basis of this, the internal mechanism and the external mechanism of the protection function of the criminal law are analyzed, and the protection function of the criminal law has its own goal and value orientation, and is also subject to the function of the behavior regulation and the human rights protection function. The second chapter mainly discusses the protection of the criminal law. First of all, the social background reflected by the expansion of the protection function of the criminal law is discussed, and the current social theory of the risk society is analyzed and analyzed, and on the basis of this, it is judged that while the present situation in China has not entered the "the crik society" as described by the scholar. / unk>, but the increasing risk of modern society is a fact, and the criminal law can play a role in some people's risk In addition, the criminal law, as one of the means of social management, should actively cope with the change of the social situation, which is behind the expansion of the protection function of the criminal law Secondly, the article also discusses the function expansion of the criminal law from two aspects: the theory and the legislation, and the expression of the protection function expansion of the criminal law. The third chapter mainly analyzes the protection of the criminal law The limitation of the expansion of criminal law. The expansion of the protection function of the criminal law has its necessity, but it does not First, the expansion of the protection function of the criminal law should be limited by the guarantee function of the penalty. In the present social environment of our country, the human rights guarantee should be adhered to in the function model of the criminal law Second, the expansion of the protection function of the criminal law is limited by the basic principle of the criminal law, although the basic principle of the criminal law is not the same, the core concept and the content of the basic principle of the criminal law are the development of the criminal law. The fourth chapter is to explore how to seek the balance of the expansion and restriction of the protection function of the criminal law, so as to realize the criminal law The coordination and development of the protection function. From the path of the coordinated development, there are two alternative routes, one is the unified path of the functionalization of the criminal law, and the other is the dualistic path of the coexistence of the penalty and the "Security disposition". On the basis of the comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the different routes, we believe that in the mode of insisting on the priority of human rights protection function, our country's criminal law should stick to the essence of the criminal law, and recognize the proper expansion of the criminal law in order to realize it. The balanced development of the function of the criminal law should adopt the "standard violation" 's position on the essence of the crime, and also insist on the concept of the legal interest of the ontology to realize the balanced development of the criminal law. On the nature of the penalty, the essence of the penalty is the integral theory of the purpose, that is, the essence of the penalty is the retribution, but the penalty also has multiple purposes, and the retribution is the essence of the penalty. The main body of the process of the realization of the penalty, and in the different stages of the implementation of the penalty In the end, under the premise of the expansion of the crime circle, the development of the penalty should be gradually changed into the main direction, and the criminal law should be realized
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.1

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