我国转基因生物安全法律规制研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 07:00

本文关键词： 转基因生物安全风险预防产品许可证恢复补救性制度　出处：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：转基因生物技术的产生和发展,为人类战胜饥饿和疾病提供了帮助,同时也带来了一定的风险和冲击。转基因生物可能导致一些安全问题,从法律角度看,主要包含以下两方面的内容:一是对生态和健康风险的防范,二是一旦导致损害,法律是否加以救济,以及提供怎样的制度加以救济。因此,加强转基因生物安全法律制度的建设有着十分重要的理论意义和立法参考价值。全文共分四个部分,脉络体系如下:第一部分:导论。以StarLink玉米事件和Pusztai事件为例提出转基因生物安全问题,分析了选题背景及研究意义,对国内外研究现状作了梳理及归纳分析,国内学者分为三种流派:“宣言性法律派”、“全过程规制派”、“禁止研发派”;国外主要有技术发展优先论、环境保护优先论、可持续发展论。第二部分:对我国转基因生物安全立法现状及存在问题作了剖析,存在四个方面的问题:缺少法律层次的综合性法典、缺乏高效统一的转基因生物安全监管机制、缺乏应急处理机制和损害赔偿的相应立法、缺乏转基因生物安全信息共享机制及公众参与权的相应立法。第三部分:对美国、欧盟及国际上关于转基因生物安全法制经验作了总结归纳,得出了五点启示:一是重视以风险分析为基础的管理制度;二是制定技术指南和指导性文件之重要性;三是应依法保障转基因生物安全;四是转基因生物安全监督检查制度化;五是舆论宣传是实施转基因生物安全监管的重要途径。第四部分:在全面分析我国转基因生物安全立法现状的基础上,借鉴国外相关法律规制经验,提出健全我国转基因生物安全法律体系之构想:制定《转基因生物安全法》、加强转基因生物安全监管机制建设、加强信息共享机制和保障公众参与权立法、加强转基因生物安全法的恢复补救性制度。
[Abstract]:The production and development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have helped human beings to fight hunger and disease, but also brought about certain risks and shocks. GMOs may lead to some safety problems, from the legal point of view. Mainly includes the following two aspects: first, the prevention of ecological and health risks, second, once the damage, whether the law relief, and what kind of system to provide relief. Strengthening the construction of transgenic biosafety legal system has very important theoretical significance and legislative reference value. The full text is divided into four parts. The sequence system is as follows: the first part: introduction. Taking StarLink corn event and Pusztai event as examples, the paper puts forward the issue of transgenic biosafety, and analyzes the background and significance of the research. Domestic scholars are divided into three schools: "declarative law school", "whole process regulation school", "prohibition of R & D school"; Foreign countries mainly have technology development priority theory, environmental protection priority theory, sustainable development theory. The second part: the current situation and existing problems of transgenic biosafety legislation in China are analyzed. There are four problems: the lack of comprehensive legal level code, the lack of efficient and unified genetically modified biosafety regulatory mechanism, the lack of emergency mechanisms and the corresponding legislation for compensation for damage. Lack of GM biosafety information sharing mechanism and the corresponding legislation of public participation. Part III: the United States, the European Union and the international GM biosafety legal system experience summarized. Five enlightenments are obtained: first, attach importance to the management system based on risk analysis; Second, the importance of developing technical guidance and guidance documents; Third, the safety of transgenic organisms should be guaranteed according to law; Fourth, the systematization of safety supervision and inspection of transgenic organisms; Fifth, publicity is an important way to implement GMO biosafety supervision. Part 4th: on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the current situation of GMO biosafety legislation in China, we can learn from the relevant legal regulation experience of foreign countries. This paper puts forward the idea of perfecting the legal system of transgenic biosafety in China: making the Law on genetically modified Biosafety, strengthening the Construction of Supervision Mechanism of transgenic Biosafety, strengthening the Mechanism of Information sharing and protecting the legislation of Public participation right. Strengthen the restoration of the remediation system of the GMO Biosafety Act.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.16

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