美国大学招生平权法案司法立场的流变

发布时间：2018-01-30 01:36

本文关键词： 大学招生平权法案司法立场政策考量权利保障　出处：《高等教育研究》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：美国大学招生平权法案的司法立场由德弗尼斯案的程序回避到巴基案的实体回应,由霍普伍德案对补偿理论的重申到密歇根大学案对多元化价值的肯定,由费舍尔案对严格审查原则的强调到舒特案对协商民主原则的尊重。联邦最高法院始终在努力平衡大学招生平权法案案例中的政策考量与权利保障:借助补偿理论与多元价值,肯定了大学招生平权法案基于此政策考量的目的正当性;同时,通过严格审查原则,对大学招生平权法案的具体举措进行高密度审查,强调手段的合理性、必要性与相称性,从而实现对个体权利的有效救济与保障。
[Abstract]:The judicial position of the U. S. College admissions Equal Rights Act was avoided from the procedure in the Defennis case to the substantive response in the Baki case, and from the reaffirmation of the compensation theory in Hopwood to the affirmation of the value of diversity in the University of Michigan case. From Fisher's emphasis on the principle of strict censorship to Schutter's respect for the principle of deliberative democracy, the Federal Supreme Court has been working to balance policy considerations and guarantees of rights in the case of the collegiate admissions Affirmative Act:. With the help of compensation theory and pluralistic value. It affirms the validity of the purpose of the equal rights of university enrollment act based on this policy consideration; At the same time, according to the principle of strict examination, this paper carries out a high-density examination on the specific measures of the equal right law of university enrollment, emphasizing the rationality, necessity and proportionality of the means, so as to realize the effective relief and guarantee of the individual rights.
【作者单位】：温州大学法政学院;
【基金】：浙江省高校重大人文社会科学攻关计划项目(2013QN054)
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.1;G649.712
【正文快照】： 平权法案1要求给予有色人种、少数族裔、女性等以特殊优惠,帮助其在获取公共资源等方面可与白人公平竞争,它是美国民权运动的结果,是废除“隔离但平等”原则之后,对促进种族融合采取的积极措施,罗尔斯的“正义论”为平权法案提供了理论依据。美国许多大学为了获得政府财政资助

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