政府信息公开案件中诉权滥用研究

发布时间：2018-01-30 02:12

  本文关键词： 政府信息公开 诉权滥用 权利救济 责任制度　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：政府信息公开制度是现代行政法发展的产物,因其在保障公民知情权和创建新型政府治理制度中发挥着重要的作用,曾一度成为国内外学者研究的重点对象。然而,在统计分析我国当下行政诉讼案件的基础上,可以看出政府信息公开案件在整个诉讼体系中占据了较大比重的同时,还产生了一些公民滥用诉权以致损害公共利益的现象。我国现行的法律法规中并没有明确规定诉权滥用的具体构成要件。因此,笔者将在诉权权利性质认定的基础上,结合域外法治成熟国家的经验和当前我国法院认定公民滥用诉权的司法案例,主要从权利行使目的、主观恶意、诉的利益和损害结果等四个方面来判定政府信息公开案件中当事人是否构成诉权滥用,为我国司法实践中人民法院审理该类案件提供助力。在行政诉讼中,行政机关作为其中一方参与主体,是国家公权力的代表,这也就导致我国行政诉讼制度一直以保障公民的诉权作为重点任务,学界对于行政诉权的讨论也更多地集中于如何构建完备的制度体系对其加以保障。然而,一旦权利行使超越正当界限,背离立法精神和权利要旨,就会导致权利的行使成为不正当的滥用行为。在政府信息公开案件中不断出现的这种诉权滥用现象在浪费公共资源的同时,也异化了政府信息公开制度,削弱了司法权威和公信力。对于这种违背现代法治理念的诉权滥用行为,我们必须要采取相应的预防和规制措施。鉴于我国目前侧重于保护公民的知情权和行政诉权,在认定当事人构成诉权滥用时要慎之又慎,采取规制措施时也要坚持法律保留原则,并在遵循正当程序的同时保证措施的适当性,不能反过来对基本权利造成不当侵害。笔者也会阐明政府信息公开案件中诉权滥用行为出现的原因,并主要从政府信息公开制度本身的完善和公民权利救济途径的拓展来引导公民理性行使行政诉权。同时,也要发挥人民法院的司法能动性,适度强化法官的职权调查权,明确滥用诉权的责任制度,为实践中出现诉权滥用情形时提供可以借鉴的预防措施。
[Abstract]:Government information disclosure system is the product of the development of modern administrative law, because it plays an important role in protecting citizens' right to know and creating a new government governance system. Once became the focus of scholars at home and abroad. However, on the basis of statistical analysis of the current administrative litigation cases in China. It can be seen that government information disclosure cases in the entire litigation system occupies a large proportion at the same time. In addition, some citizens abuse the right of action to harm the public interest. Our current laws and regulations do not clearly specify the specific elements of abuse of the right of action. On the basis of the nature of the right of action, the author will combine the experience of mature countries with the rule of law outside the country and the current judicial cases of citizens' abuse of the right of action in our courts, mainly from the purpose of exercising the right, subjective malice. The interests of litigation and the result of damages are four aspects to determine whether the parties in the public government information cases constitute abuse of the right of action, in order to provide assistance for the people's courts to try such cases in our judicial practice. In the administrative proceedings. Administrative organs as one of the parties to participate in the main body, is the representative of the national public power, which has led to our administrative litigation system has been to protect the rights of citizens as the focus of the task. The discussion of the right of administrative action also focuses more on how to construct a complete system to protect it. However, once the exercise of the right exceeds the proper limits, it deviates from the spirit of legislation and the essence of the right. It will lead to the exercise of rights become improper abuse. In the case of government information disclosure of this kind of abuse of the right of action in the waste of public resources, but also alienated the system of government information disclosure. It weakens the judicial authority and credibility, and abuses the right of action against the concept of modern rule of law. We must take corresponding preventive and regulatory measures. In view of our current focus on the protection of citizens' right to know and administrative right of action, we should be careful when determining that the parties constitute abuse of the right of action. We should also adhere to the principle of legal reservation when adopting regulatory measures and ensure the appropriateness of the measures while following due process. The author will also clarify the reasons for the abuse of the right of action in the case of government information disclosure. And mainly from the government information disclosure system itself and the development of civil rights relief channels to guide citizens to rationally exercise the administrative right of action. At the same time, it is necessary to give play to the judicial initiative of the people's court. It is necessary to strengthen the investigating power of the judge, to clarify the responsibility system of the abuse of the right of action, and to provide the preventive measures which can be used for reference when the situation of abuse of the right of action appears in practice.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.1
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本文编号：1475007