促进保护性耕作法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-02-03 22:29

本文关键词： 保护性耕作促进法律制度　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在土壤环境逐步退化，水土流失加剧，风沙危害日益严重的情况下，保护性耕作技术开始被人们采用。传统耕作方式不仅管理粗放而且技术水平低下，使得耕地质量不断下降，农业环境逐渐恶化。为了实现农业的可持续发展，必须对传统耕作方式进行改变，实践证明保护性耕作具有良好的生态、经济和社会效益，是实现农业生产方式转变，发展可持续农业的重要手段。通过比较分析法、实证分析法、系统分析法对促进保护性耕作的法律制度进行研究。作为发展低碳农业的重要手段，保护性耕作全面推行将有利于转变农业生产方式，改善农业生态环境，促进农业可持续发展。我国保护性耕作发展起步比较晚，近年来在各级政府的逐步重视下也取得了很多的成绩，一些具有地方特色的保护性耕作模式也初步形成，这奠定了我国在制度上促进保护性耕作的基础。通过对我国保护性耕作法律制度现状的梳理，目前促进保护性耕作法律制度的建立受到了中央和地方政府的重视，并开始在一些地方进行试验，有的省份已经建立了初步的制度体系，并取得了良好的效果。比如山东省、山西省、宁夏在政策上促进保护性耕作为全国作了表率，他们通过政策支持、资金扶持等方式已经形成了稳定的扶持体系；通过对现状的分析，，发现在我国促进保护性耕作的过程中存在的法律制度问题，主要有法律体系、地方性立法、土地权属、配套机制、监督机制、行政管理体系、激励机制等方面的问题。结合实际分析产生这些问题的主要原因有保护性耕作的缓释性、农民传统观念根深蒂固、有待完善的技术体系、组织化程度低、长效机制未建立等；最后通过介绍美国、澳大利亚、加拿大等国促进保护性耕作的措施，学习他们发展保护性耕作的主要手段，他们首先从政策上都非常重视保护性耕作，美国甚至从法律上明确提出了要发展保护性耕作，加拿大从组织建设上大力支持保护性耕作，设立了很多部门对保护性耕作进行管理，澳大利亚是学习先进国家经验的典范，他们通过学习美国等国家的做法，在制度上、技术上、配套体系建设上大力发展保护性耕作。通过借鉴国外的先进经验，总结他们的具体措施对我国的重要启示，再结合我国的具体实际提出了构建完善的法律体系、完善相关政策措施、建立长效机制、建立保险机制、完善补偿机制等建议。希望通过法律制度先行，建立促进保护性耕作的长效机制来保障保护性耕作在我国的大面积推广，为实现我国的农业可持续发展奠定基础。
[Abstract]:With the gradual degradation of soil environment, soil erosion and serious wind and sand damage, conservation tillage technology has been adopted by people. Traditional tillage methods are not only extensive management but also low technical level. In order to realize the sustainable development of agriculture, it is necessary to change the traditional farming methods. The practice has proved that conservation tillage has a good ecology. Economic and social benefits are the important means to realize the transformation of agricultural production mode and to develop sustainable agriculture. As an important means to develop low-carbon agriculture, the comprehensive implementation of conservation tillage will help to change the mode of agricultural production and improve the agricultural ecological environment. Promoting sustainable agricultural development. The development of conservation tillage in China started relatively late. In recent years, many achievements have been made under the gradual attention of governments at all levels, and some conservation tillage patterns with local characteristics have been initially formed. This laid the foundation of promoting conservation tillage systemically in our country, and combed the present situation of the legal system of conservation tillage in our country. At present, the establishment of the legal system to promote conservation farming has been attached importance to by the central and local governments, and began to be tested in some places, some provinces have established a preliminary system of systems. For example, Shandong Province, Shanxi Province and Ningxia Autonomous region have set an example for the whole country by promoting conservation tillage. They have formed a stable support system by means of policy support and financial support. Through the analysis of the present situation, we find that there are legal system problems in the process of promoting conservation tillage in our country, such as legal system, local legislation, land tenure, supporting mechanism, supervision mechanism. The main reasons for these problems are the slow release of conservation tillage, the deep-rooted traditional concept of farmers, and the technical system to be improved. The degree of organization is low and the long-term mechanism has not been established. Finally, through the introduction of the United States, Australia, Canada and other countries to promote conservation farming measures, learn their main means to develop conservation tillage, they first attach great importance to conservation tillage from the policy. The United States even explicitly proposed the development of conservation tillage from the legal point of view Canada strongly supported conservation tillage in terms of organizational construction and established many departments to manage conservation tillage. Australia is a model to learn from the experience of advanced countries. By learning from the practices of the United States and other countries, Australia has vigorously developed conservation tillage in terms of system, technology and supporting system construction. Summing up their specific measures for China's important inspiration, and then combined with the specific reality of our country put forward to build a sound legal system, improve relevant policy measures, establish a long-term mechanism, the establishment of insurance mechanism. We hope to establish a long-term mechanism to promote conservation tillage in order to ensure the wide spread of conservation tillage in China. For the realization of our country's agricultural sustainable development lay the foundation.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.32;D923.2

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