我国重大公共安全事故归责研究

发布时间：2018-02-23 02:13

  本文关键词： 公共安全事故 归责 监督过失 行政问责　出处：《西南交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：晚近,在工业和经济快速发展带动下,我们改造世界的能力也更加强大。然而,飞速发展带来的是重大公共安全事故频发,造成巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失,严重影响着社会的正常发展和公众的生活幸福感。重大公共安全事故的归责成为亟待解决的问题。本文通过对四个典型案例的责任主体、责任类型展开深入剖析,更合理解决重大公共安全事故的责任认定问题,并提出相关完善建议。全文共分为五个部分:第一部分包括绪论和第二章,这部分通过引入四个典型案例,结合相关的概念进行界定,明确本文研究的基础概念与研究范围;通过对归责要素的界定,梳理出文章论述的主要内容。第二部分(第三章)主要是对案例中的责任主体的认定,胶济铁路案中除了铁路职工还有谁应当担责;甬温动车案中担责的铁路部门具体有哪些;东方之星号上的船长是否是应然责任主体;天津港内除了瑞海公司还有哪些主体应当承担责任。第三部分(第四章)对重大公共安全事故中的责任进行了类型化分析:问责之风强劲的当下,结合案例及相关法律法规说明现有的问责疑难。在传统法律责任中:刑事归罪应严格依照罪刑法定原则;从督过失理论的视角看,提出对负有监督责任的领导的罪名认定应以渎职罪为最优选择;明确了民事赔偿责任以侵权责任法为判断基础。第四部分(第五章)是对应前一部分呈现问题所提出的建议:首先,统一官员的问责标准;优化问责环境,这其中包括问责文化建设、政务公开及完善被问责官员的"复出"机制;同时提出在国家监察体制改革的背景下,应处理好党纪与法律间的衔接。其次,刑事责任认定中,明确监督过失理论的法理基础是新过失理论;为防止监督过失责任的过度扩张,应当结合被监督者有无罪过、是否存在监督义务、是否尽到必要注意义务以及是否应适用可信赖原则等情况综合研判监督者的责任。最后,针对重大公共安全事故中的民事赔偿问题,建议推广责任保险制度、拓宽救济的途径、引入惩罚性赔偿制度。在本文的余论部分,探讨的是与研究主题密切相关的风险社会下注意义务的重新分配的问题,结合刑法保护目的指出:犯罪及其预防的前移将使刑事责任认定呈现更加复杂的态势。
[Abstract]:Recently, driven by the rapid development of industry and economy, our ability to transform the world has become stronger. However, rapid development has brought about frequent major public safety accidents, resulting in huge casualties and property losses. It seriously affects the normal development of society and the well-being of public life. The imputation of major public safety accidents becomes an urgent problem to be solved. The thesis is divided into five parts: the first part includes the introduction and the second chapter, this part introduces four typical cases. Combined with the related concepts to define, clear the basic concepts and research scope of this study; through the definition of the elements of liability, The second part (chapter three) is mainly about the identification of the subject of responsibility in the case, who should be held responsible in the case of Jiaoji railway, which railway department should be responsible in the case of Yongwen train; Whether the captain on the eastern asterisk is the subject of due responsibility; The third part (Chapter 4th) analyzes the type of responsibility in major public safety accidents: the current situation of the strong wind of accountability. In the traditional legal liability: criminal imputation should be strictly in accordance with the principle of legality; from the perspective of the theory of oversight negligence, The author puts forward that the crime of dereliction of duty should be the best choice for the leaders with supervisory responsibility. It is clear that civil liability is based on the tort liability law. Part 4th (Chapter 5th) is the corresponding suggestion of the former part: first, unify the accountability standard of officials; optimize the accountability environment. These include the construction of the culture of accountability, the openness of government affairs and the improvement of the mechanism of "re-emergence" of accountable officials. At the same time, it is proposed that, under the background of the reform of the national supervisory system, the link between party discipline and law should be handled well. Secondly, in the determination of criminal responsibility, It is clear that the legal basis of the supervisory negligence theory is the new negligence theory, in order to prevent the excessive expansion of the supervisory negligence liability, it should be combined with whether the supervised person is guilty or not and whether there is a supervisory obligation or not. Whether to fulfill the necessary duty of care and whether the principle of trustworthiness should be applied to comprehensively judge the supervisor's liability. Finally, in view of the civil compensation problem in major public safety accidents, it is suggested to promote the liability insurance system and broaden the channels of relief. In the last part of this paper, we discuss the redistribution of the duty of care under the risk society, which is closely related to the subject of study. In combination with the purpose of criminal law protection, the author points out that the advance of crime and its prevention will make the identification of criminal responsibility more complicated.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.54;D922.1

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