水污染第三方治理机制中第三方法律责任研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 05:24

本文关键词： 水污染法律责任违约责任不正当竞争刑事责任　出处：《浙江农林大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水污染问题一直是制约国民经济发展的重大障碍,从中央到地方,各级政府一直都在积极探索中践行水污染治理,但实效与预期并不一致,为了从根本上解决水污染问题,十八届三中全会明确提出了“环境污染第三方治理”,这是党和政府顺应时代发展提出的治污新模式,为我国水污染的治理指明了新方向。水污染第三方治理机制不仅在制度上是个创新,在法律层面也提出了新的要求,第三方主体的加入,使得水污染法律责任的承担主体由原来的排污企业“一元主体”转变为排污企业和第三方企业的“二元主体”,在这个转变过程中面临着第三方与排污方之间的责任分担不明、第三方之间的不正当竞争障碍、政府对第三方市场准入的审核、认定和规范标准欠缺以及第三方严重违法行为的刑事责任界定不清等困境。造成这些困境的原因在于“谁污染、谁治理”的传统治污意识、现行水污染行为法律责任体系不够完善、尚未有具体的法律责任由排污方向第三方转移的条款以及实践中第三方的法律责任难以落实等。通过对水污染第三方治理机制中第三方法律责任的相关问题进行界定,以及借鉴欧盟在水污染第三方治理领域的先进经验,提出了从以下几个方面来探讨我国水污染第三方治理机制中第三方的法律责任:第三方与排污方之间的违约责任、第三方之间的不正当竞争责任、第三方违反政府监管的行政责任和第三方严重违法行为的刑事责任。从而阐明实施过程中各方主体的法律责任划分,以及第三方法律责任的设定和具体承担方式,为水污染第三方治理机制在我国的贯彻实施提供法律保障。
[Abstract]:Water pollution has always been a major obstacle to the development of the national economy. From the central to the local levels, governments at all levels have been actively exploring and practicing water pollution control, but the actual results are not in line with expectations. In order to fundamentally solve the water pollution problem, The third Plenary session of the 18 CPC Central Committee explicitly put forward the "third party management of environmental pollution", which is a new model proposed by the Party and the government to cope with the development of the times. The third party water pollution control mechanism is not only an innovation in the system, but also a new requirement on the legal level. The main body of the legal liability for water pollution is changed from the original "monolithic subject" of the sewage enterprise to the "dual subject" of the sewage enterprise and the third party enterprise. In the process of this transformation, the responsibility between the third party and the polluter is not clear. The obstacles to unfair competition among third parties, the government's review of third party market access, the lack of standards for identification and regulation, and the unclear definition of criminal liability for serious violations by third parties. The causes of these difficulties lie in "who pollutes," Who governs the traditional pollution control consciousness, the current legal liability system of water pollution behavior is not perfect, There is no specific legal liability transferred from discharge to third party, and the third party's legal liability is difficult to implement in practice, etc. Through defining the related problems of third party legal liability in the third party water pollution control mechanism, Based on the advanced experience of EU in the field of third party water pollution treatment, this paper puts forward the following aspects to discuss the third party's legal liability in the third party water pollution control mechanism of our country: the liability of breach of contract between the third party and the polluter. The responsibility of unfair competition between the third parties, the administrative liability of the third party for violating the government supervision and the criminal liability for the serious illegal acts of the third party, thus clarifying the division of the legal liability of the parties involved in the implementation process, It also provides legal guarantee for the implementation of the third party water pollution control mechanism in China.
【学位授予单位】：浙江农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.68

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