人类冷冻胚胎的法律属性与权利行使规则

发布时间：2018-03-05 09:26

本文选题：冷冻胚胎　切入点：法律属性　出处：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：毫无疑问,“试管婴儿技术”及其衍生的人类辅助生殖技术给人类和社会带来了积极影响,但是也带来了许多棘手的法律问题。在这些法律问题中,最基本也是最重要的问题就是对人类冷冻胚胎法律属性的认定问题。对于这个问题,最典型的案例就是发生在我国的首例人类冷冻胚胎继承权纠纷案。本文以近年来冷冻胚胎继承案的出现为背景和契机,以“冷冻胚胎”为研究客体,对其法律性质进行分析和界定,同时在其性质界定的基础上,为冷冻胚胎的处置提供规范原则。第一部分是引言,主要是介绍本文研究的事实和法律背景,对国内代表性的冷冻胚胎案例进行阐释,对判决进行分析。归纳并述明本文的思考路径。第二部分是基本概念界定,从冷冻胚胎的定义开始,通过对各主要学说的分析,提炼出界定冷冻胚胎法律属性的四个考虑要素,从而认定冷冻胚胎是应受到特别尊重的物。第三部分,冷冻胚胎法律属性的三大学说分析。本章从传统民法主客二分的工具性分类为逻辑起点,按照发展顺序和争论趋势将各种学说归入主体说、客体说以及折中说三类,对于各学说的基本主张和细分派别进行了分析和归类。冷冻胚胎法律性质的界定因素,从提出界定冷冻胚胎法律性质必须回答的问题入手,认为冷冻胚胎性质的界定最终取决于法律体系的包容性和体系性,笔者论证我国现行法律制度下,冷冻胚胎是物的伦理物。第四部分,通过比较国内外在不同类型化的冷冻胚胎纠纷中怎么立法和判决,进而对我国未来的冷冻胚胎立法提出完善建议。冷冻胚胎纠纷情形有夫妻婚姻关系消灭时的权利归属、夫妻一方或者双方死亡时权利归属以及捐赠情况下的权利怎么行使和冷冻胚胎被损毁时候权利怎么行使。第五部分,对冷冻胚胎的处置的立法完善建议。基于其伦理物的特殊性质,笔者提出了冷冻胚胎立法所应该遵守的基本原则,包括知情同意原则、权威机构核准监督原则、非商业化原则、互盲保密原则、社会公共利益原则。在具体立法建议部分,首先在立法中明确规定冷冻胚胎伦理物的属性、在不同情形权利归属的立法和胚胎捐赠时不同情形不同处理处理方法,然后提出完善人工辅助生殖许可机制,最后对最长保存期限也应归入立法。
[Abstract]:There is no doubt that IVF and its attendant human assisted reproductive technologies have had a positive impact on human beings and society, but have also brought about many difficult legal issues. The most basic and important issue is the determination of the legal attributes of human frozen embryos. The most typical case is the first human frozen embryo inheritance dispute in China. This paper takes the emergence of frozen embryo inheritance case as the background and opportunity in recent years, taking "frozen embryo" as the research object. At the same time, on the basis of the definition of its nature, it provides the normative principles for the disposal of frozen embryos. The first part is the introduction, which mainly introduces the facts and legal background of this paper. Explain the typical frozen embryo cases in China, analyze the judgment, summarize and explain the thinking path of this paper. The second part is the definition of the basic concept, beginning with the definition of frozen embryo, through the analysis of the main theories, Refining the four considerations that define the legal attributes of frozen embryos, thereby determining that frozen embryos are objects that deserve special respect. Part III, This chapter starts from the instrumental classification of the subject and object of the traditional civil law and classifies various theories into three categories according to the development order and the trend of argument: the subject theory, the object theory and the eclectic theory, which are divided into three categories: the subject theory, the object theory and the compromise theory, according to the order of development and the trend of debate. This paper analyzes and classifies the basic propositions and subdivisions of various doctrines. The defining factors of the legal nature of frozen embryos begin with the questions that must be answered to define the legal nature of frozen embryos. It is concluded that the definition of the nature of frozen embryos ultimately depends on the inclusiveness and systemativeness of the legal system. The author argues that frozen embryos are ethical objects of things under the current legal system of our country. Part 4th, By comparing domestic and foreign legislation and judgment in different types of frozen embryo disputes, the author puts forward some suggestions for the future legislation of frozen embryos in China. How to exercise the rights of one or both spouses when they die and how to exercise their rights in the event of donation and how to exercise their rights when the frozen embryo is destroyed. Part 5th, Based on the special nature of its ethics, the author puts forward the basic principles that should be observed in the legislation of frozen embryos, including the principle of informed consent, the principle of authority approval and supervision, and the principle of non-commercialization. The principle of mutual blind secrecy, the principle of social public interest. In the specific legislative proposal part, first of all, in the legislation clearly defined the properties of frozen embryos ethics, The legislation of right ascription in different situations and the different treatment methods in different cases of embryo donation, then put forward to perfect the mechanism of artificial assisted reproduction license, and finally, the longest preservation period should also be included in legislation.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.16;D923

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