从所有权与使用权的历史变迁看中国农村土地制度的未来走向

发布时间：2018-03-05 13:35

本文选题：土地制度　切入点：所有权　出处：《外交学院》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：农业是人类的“母亲产业”，在国家管理中占据着重要地位。自古以来中国土地制度都是在土地公有理想与私有走向中博弈。国有（公有）与私有两种土地制度各有其内在逻辑道理，研究土地制度的文章也不胜枚举，然而，研究土地问题的最终落脚点是什么，土地问题的症结到底是什么却很少有人去更深的探究，只有从根本上认清土地问题的本质才有助于制定出合情合理的土地政策。作者认为土地问题的症结首先表现为对土地问题的内在固有的，或具有普遍性意义的矛盾的认识的厘清，那就是反对社会主义意识形态中的教条主义，即公有制就一定是好的。要遵循马克思的历史唯物主义观点，使生产关系与生产力发展水平相适应。其次，在正确理解和充分认识生产力水平的基础上，要在土地制度的制定上处理好国家与个人的关系，只有对人性有了充分理性化的认识，充分尊重个人的利益，，才能使国家与个人二者相互促进，共同发展。所以，在当前中国农村的土地制度已经不能适应生产力发展的客观要求，带来诸多问题的情况下，作者从中国自古以来农村土地所有权与使用权变迁为切入点，结合中国最新国情，尤其是最新召开的十八届三中全会，提出未来中国的农村土地制度在（国家）集体与个人的博弈中，所有权与使用权能的大小、虚实分配上，农民所拥有的土地权利将越来越多且具体，公有制下的农村土地集体所有权将不断虚化，国家会在更大程度上发挥宏观调控、政策支持的作用，土地所有权将更加偏向类私有方向发展。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the "mother industry" of human beings, which occupies an important position in the state management. Since ancient times, the land system in China has been playing a game between the ideal of land public and private ownership. The state-owned (public) and private land systems are different from each other. There is an inherent logic, There are too many articles to study the land system. However, what is the ultimate destination of the land problem, and what is the crux of the land problem is rarely explored in depth. Only by fundamentally recognizing the nature of the land problem can we make a reasonable land policy. The author thinks that the crux of the land problem is first inherent in the land problem. Or to clarify the understanding of contradictions of universal significance, that is, to oppose dogmatism in socialist ideology, that is, public ownership must be good. Second, on the basis of a correct understanding and full understanding of the level of productive forces, we should properly handle the relationship between the state and the individual in the formulation of the land system. Only with a fully rational understanding of human nature and full respect for the interests of the individual, can the two countries and individuals promote each other and develop together. Under the circumstances that the current rural land system in China can no longer meet the objective requirements of the development of productive forces and bring many problems, the author starts from the change of rural land ownership and the right to use in China since ancient times and combines the latest national conditions in China. In particular, the recent third Plenary session of the 18 CPC Central Committee proposed that in the future China's rural land system, in the game of collective and individual ownership and right to use, should be allocated in terms of the amount of ownership and the right to use, and the distribution of the real and false. Farmers' land rights will be more and more specific, the collective ownership of rural land under public ownership will continue to be fictitious, and the state will play a greater role in macro-control and policy support. Land ownership will develop more in the direction of private ownership.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.32

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