我国慈善捐赠的法律规范问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 07:49

本文选题：慈善捐赠　切入点：信息公开　出处：《辽宁大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来，我国经济有了长足的发展，而经济发展的同时，作为社会公益救助事业的慈善捐赠组织也逐步建立并逐渐完善，但是任何事物的发展都存在利弊两个方面。本文通过介绍分析我国慈善法律现状与国外慈善法律规范，同时借鉴一些国家和地区的实践经验，对我国现有慈善规范和慈善立法提出相应的建议。文章内容主要从慈善捐赠主体资格的认定、捐赠人与慈善组织之间的权利义务关系不明确、捐赠财物的管理和分配信息的不公开、剩余善款的处理方式和程序以及政府在慈善捐赠中的角色定位等现实中存在的问题出发从而提出解决问题的对策。现实而言，我国慈善事业发展的现状并不令人乐观，一方面，我国缺乏能够规制慈善捐赠的法律制度；另一方面，制度不完善带来的另一严重后果就是社会公众对慈善事业缺乏信任感。总而言之，我国慈善事业存在这些问题的重要根源就在于我国规制慈善捐赠相关法律的不完善。因此，本文的写作目的在于，从法理角度上对慈善捐赠以及慈善捐赠法律关系进行界定，分析慈善捐赠法律关系的主体、客体，明晰主体之间的权利义务关系，并在此基础上建立起旨在提倡和规范慈善捐赠、促进慈善事业发展的慈善捐赠法律制度。具体来说，本文首先从慈善捐赠法律规范问题中的主体方面入手，分别从捐赠者、慈善组织、政府这三个主体切入，来分别论述其在慈善捐赠过程中的角色定位和相互之间的权利义务关系以及违约责任；其次，，慈善组织的独立性也是本文强调的重点之一，只有慈善组织脱离政府和其他部门机关的强行介入控制，慈善组织才能真正摆脱政府的介入，从而使我国的慈善捐赠事业正当化；最后，政府对慈善组织的介入是历来慈善捐赠问题中存在的问题，只有政府退出慈善募捐领域，我国慈善捐赠事业才能得到长足的发展。总之，我国慈善法律制度的完善和发展终将有赖于法律制度的完善、慈善捐赠主体间权利义务的法律规范、慈善捐赠过程中程序的标准化和公开化，以及政府部门对慈善捐赠事务全程介入行政管控的适当退出。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the economy of our country has made great progress, and at the same time, as a cause of social welfare and relief, charitable donation organizations have been gradually established and gradually improved. However, there are two advantages and disadvantages in the development of anything. This paper introduces and analyzes the current situation of charity law in China and the norms of charity law in foreign countries, and at the same time, draws on the practical experience of some countries and regions. This paper puts forward corresponding suggestions on the existing charitable norms and legislation in China. The content of this article is mainly from the recognition of the qualification of charitable donors, the relationship between the rights and obligations of donors and charitable organizations is not clear, The problems existing in the management and distribution information of donated property, the disposal methods and procedures of surplus funds, and the role of the government in charitable donation are discussed, and the countermeasures to solve the problems are put forward. In reality, the development of philanthropy in China is not optimistic. On the one hand, China lacks a legal system to regulate charitable donation; on the other hand, Another serious consequence of imperfect system is the lack of trust in charity. In a word, the main source of these problems in philanthropy in China lies in the imperfection of laws governing charitable donation in our country. The purpose of this paper is to define the legal relationship between charitable donation and charitable donation from the legal point of view, to analyze the subject and object of the legal relationship of charitable donation, and to clarify the relationship between the rights and obligations of the subject. On this basis, the legal system of charitable donation is established to promote and standardize charitable donation and promote the development of charity. Specifically, this paper starts with the main body of the legal norm of charitable donation, respectively from the donor, charity organization and the government. To discuss the role of its role in the process of charitable donation and the relationship between rights and obligations, as well as the responsibility for breach of contract. Secondly, the independence of charitable organizations is also one of the emphases of this paper. Only if charitable organizations break away from the forcible intervention and control of the government and other departments, can charity organizations really get rid of the government's intervention, thus legitimizing the charity donation in our country; finally, The involvement of the government in charitable organizations has always been a problem in the problem of charitable donation. Only when the government withdraws from the field of charitable donation can the cause of charitable donation in our country be greatly developed. In short, The perfection and development of our country's charitable legal system will depend on the perfection of the legal system, the legal norms of the rights and obligations between the subjects of charitable donation, the standardization and openness of the procedure in the process of charitable donation. And the proper exit of government departments involved in the whole process of charitable donation control.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.182.3

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