我国农产品价格监管法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 11:30

本文选题：农产品　切入点：价格监管　出处：《南京农业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：农业的基础地位决定了农产品是国民现实生活中的基本必需品,因此普通百姓特别是低收入群体尤为关注农产品价格的变化,农产品价格稳定与否关系国计民生。而由于受自然条件、供求关系、市场炒作等因素影响,加之市场本身存在信息不对称等问题,农产品价格有时波动剧烈,近年来的“蒜你狠”、“逗你玩”更是集中反映了农产品价格波动的异常现象。菜贱伤农,必然打压农民的生产积极性；但价格过高也会对城镇居民的基本生活造成影响。所以,政府必须在遵循市场规律的基础上,对农产品价格进行宏观调控。市场经济离不开法治,政府调控权力也同样须有法律依据,并受法律约束。以此为背景,本文提出了农产品价格监管法律制度这一研究课题。文章从农产品价格监管的相关概念入手,阐明了农产品的本质内涵与分类,并将农产品的范围界定为国民日常生活的必需品,其功能仅限于日常生活消费,不包括奢侈性农产品。文章认为,基于农产品的特殊性质,农产品市场存在的问题的现实需要以及经济内在要求决定了政府必须对农产品价格进行监管、调控。文章从农产品市场的现实情况出发,总结了农产品价格监管的现状,并针对其中的问题分析了农产品价格监管不足的法律根源。立法上的不完善包括立法层次不高,缺少专项法律,法律制度不完善等。执法上的不严格是因为执法责任追究不完善和监督力度不足；司法上的不独立是导致司法行政化以及司法体制不完善的根本原因,且我国没有专门的受理农产品价格监管案件的司法机构。上述问题已然成为制约农产品市场发展的障碍,因此,必须从这几个方面完善农产品价格监管的法律体系。文章总结了国外农产品监管的先进法律制度。美国和日本都是工业发达国家,但其对农业立法的重视也不容忽略。两国都采取一系列惠农政策和制度,以立法形式稳定巩固农产品价格监管的制度措施,并且有专门的价格监管部门,既有执法权也有准司法权。我国是发展中国家,是农业大国、人口众多,因此更要重视对农产品价格的立法、监督工作。我们在借鉴国外先进经验的同时,更要探索出适合自身国情的农产品价格法律监管体系。最后,文章提出了完善农产品价格监管体系的对策。在立法方面,首先确立基本法律原则,对农产品价格监管专门专项立法,建立相关法律制度,从而达到完善立法体系的目的；执法方面,明确我国农产品价格监管的范围与权力界限、以严格的法律责任约束我国农产品价格违法行为,设立专门的执行机构,明确分工,避免多头监管,加强监督力度,督促执法；司法方面,明确政府责任,完善诉讼救济制度,并强调司法权的独立。通过上述的对策提出和制度设计为我国农产品价格监管法律制度的改革铺平道路。
[Abstract]:The basic position of agriculture determines that agricultural products are basic necessities in the people's real life. Therefore, ordinary people, especially low-income groups, are particularly concerned about the change of agricultural products prices. Whether the price of agricultural products is stable or not has a bearing on the national economy and people's livelihood. However, due to the influence of natural conditions, supply and demand relations, market speculation and other factors, coupled with problems such as information asymmetry in the market itself, the prices of agricultural products sometimes fluctuate sharply. In recent years, "garlic you are ruthless", "teasing you" is a concentrated reflection of the abnormal phenomenon of the fluctuation of agricultural products prices. The cheap vegetables hurt the farmers, which will certainly suppress the farmers' enthusiasm for production, but too high prices will also have an impact on the basic living conditions of urban residents. The government must, on the basis of following the laws of the market, control the prices of agricultural products macroscopically. The market economy cannot be separated from the rule of law, and the power of government regulation and control must also have a legal basis and be subject to legal constraints. This paper puts forward the research subject of the legal system of agricultural product price supervision. Starting with the related concepts of agricultural product price supervision, this paper clarifies the essential connotation and classification of agricultural products. The scope of agricultural products is defined as the necessities of national daily life, and its function is limited to daily life consumption, excluding luxury agricultural products. The actual needs of the problems in the agricultural product market and the internal requirements of the economy determine that the government must supervise and regulate the prices of agricultural products. This paper summarizes the current situation of the supervision of agricultural products prices from the point of view of the actual situation of the agricultural product market. In view of the problems, the author analyzes the legal root of the insufficient supervision of agricultural product prices. The legislative imperfections include the low level of legislation and the lack of special laws. The imperfection of the legal system is due to the imperfection of the investigation and supervision of law enforcement responsibilities, and the lack of independence of the judiciary is the fundamental reason leading to the judicial administration and the imperfection of the judicial system. Moreover, there is no specialized judicial body dealing with cases concerning the supervision of agricultural products prices in China. The above problems have become an obstacle to the development of the agricultural products market, so, We must improve the legal system of agricultural product price supervision from these aspects. The article summarizes the advanced legal system of agricultural product supervision abroad. The United States and Japan are both industrialized developed countries. However, its emphasis on agricultural legislation should not be ignored. Both countries have adopted a series of favorable agricultural policies and systems to stabilize and consolidate the institutional measures of agricultural product price supervision in the form of legislation, and there are specialized price regulatory departments. China is a developing country, a large agricultural country with a large population, so we should pay more attention to the legislation and supervision of agricultural products prices. Finally, the article puts forward the countermeasures to perfect the agricultural product price supervision system. In the legislative aspect, the basic legal principles are established first. Special legislation on the supervision of agricultural products prices, the establishment of relevant legal systems to achieve the purpose of improving the legislative system; law enforcement, clear scope of agricultural product price supervision and the limits of power, With strict legal responsibility to restrain the illegal behavior of agricultural products price in our country, to set up a special executive organization, to make clear the division of labor, to avoid the multiple supervision, to strengthen the supervision, to urge the enforcement of the law, to clarify the responsibility of the government and to perfect the litigation relief system in the judicial aspect, It also emphasizes the independence of judicial power, and paves the way for the reform of the legal system of agricultural product price supervision through the above countermeasures and institutional design.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.4

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