湘江流域水环境治理法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 22:28

本文选题：湘江　切入点：水污染　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国水污染现象越来越严重,水是万物之源,因此治理水污染刻不容缓。水是流动的,水污染也是流动的,不因行政区域的划分而停止,因此以流域为单位进行水污染治理相较于以行政区划为单位进行治理更具有操作性,相应的以流域为单位进行水污染治理成为了目前学术界研究的热点与重点。湘江流域作为湖南人的母亲河,有着举足轻重的作用,是湖南人生存与发展的依靠。然而湘江流域水污染现象已经到了不容忽视的地步,特别是重金属污染的严重程度位居全国前列,如汞污染、镉污染、砷污染等均居全国首位,而且其污染排放量远超第二位。2011年国务院出台了《全国重金属污染综合防治“十二五”规划》,将湖南省作为治理的重点区域,随后又批复了《湘江流域重金属污染治理实施方案》,足可见湘江的重金属污染已达到了非常严重的程度。本文第一部分是引言,主要是阐述写作的背景、研究意义、研究方法和研究内容等;第二部分从湘江的水污染现状入手,提出了湘江污染分为三个方面,即重金属污染、城市生活污染以及农村农业污染,又分析了湘江水污染的特点,同时分析了湘江水污染的原因,主要是客观原因;第三部分主要从法律角度分析污染的原因,指出湘江流域水污染治理过程中存在的法律与制度方面的问题,提出了四个问题,如《湖南省湘江保护条例》等法律法规及制度的不完善的问题、管理体制及管理机构不合理的问题、治污主体单一的问题、法律责任规定过轻违法成本低的问题;第四部分是详细介绍了美国密西西比河流域在水污染治理过程中的经验,为湘江流域水污染治理提供了重要的启示。最后一部分是在借鉴美国密西西比河流域治理水污染的经验基础上,找到其共同点,从而对湘江流域治理水体污染过程中出现的问题提出解决建议和对策,是本文的重点。通过对湘江流域水污染治理过程中存在问题的分析,本文得出以下结论:湘江流域应完善水污染治理的立法体系,完善生态补偿制度和排污总量控制制度,重构水污染治理的管理体制,引导公众参与水污染治理以及加重污染的法律责任等。
[Abstract]:In recent years, water pollution in our country has become more and more serious, and water is the source of all things, so it is urgent to control water pollution. Water is flowing, water pollution is also flowing, and it is not stopped because of the division of administrative areas. Therefore, water pollution control based on river basins is more operable than administrative divisions. Accordingly, water pollution control based on watershed has become the focus of academic research. As the mother river of Hunan people, Xiangjiang River basin plays an important role. However, the water pollution phenomenon in the Xiangjiang River basin has reached a point that cannot be ignored. In particular, heavy metal pollution is among the most serious in the country, such as mercury pollution, cadmium pollution, arsenic pollution and so on. In 2011, the State Council issued the 12th Five-Year Plan for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of heavy Metal pollution, which takes Hunan Province as the key area for control. Subsequently, the implementation Plan of heavy Metal pollution Control in the Xiangjiang River Basin was approved. It can be seen that the heavy metal pollution in the Xiangjiang River has reached a very serious level. The first part of this paper is an introduction, which mainly describes the background of the writing and the significance of the research. In the second part, from the current situation of Xiangjiang River water pollution, the author points out that Xiangjiang River pollution is divided into three aspects: heavy metal pollution, urban life pollution and rural agricultural pollution, and analyzes the characteristics of Xiangjiang River water pollution. At the same time, it analyzes the causes of water pollution in Xiangjiang River, mainly the objective causes, the third part mainly analyzes the causes of pollution from the legal angle, points out the legal and institutional problems existing in the process of water pollution control in Xiangjiang River Basin, and puts forward four problems. Such as the "Xiangjiang River Protection regulations of Hunan Province" and other laws and regulations and system imperfections, management system and management agencies unreasonable problems, pollution control subject of a single problem, legal liability provisions too light illegal costs; The 4th part is a detailed introduction of the Mississippi River Basin in the United States in the process of water pollution control experience, It provides important inspiration for water pollution control in Xiangjiang river basin. The last part is to find common ground on the basis of drawing lessons from the experience of the Mississippi River basin in the United States in controlling water pollution. Therefore, it is the focal point of this paper to put forward some suggestions and countermeasures to solve the problems in the process of water pollution control in Xiangjiang River Basin, and through the analysis of the existing problems in the process of water pollution control in Xiangjiang River Basin, This paper draws the following conclusions: the Xiangjiang River Basin should perfect the legislative system of water pollution control, perfect the ecological compensation system and the total discharge control system, and reconstruct the management system of water pollution control. Guide the public to participate in water pollution control and increase the legal liability of pollution.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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