南海渔业资源养护合作机制构建研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 19:34

  本文选题：南海　切入点：低敏感领域　出处：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当前南海渔业资源不断衰竭，基于南海海域半封闭的特性，渔业资源遭到破坏以后很难从其他海域得到补充，因此南海周边国家的养护就显得尤其重要。只有南海周边国家共同合作，才有可能建立起南海国家渔业资源养护合作机制。虽然南海国家之间的主权争议尚未解决，海域划界也仍未完成，但近年来各国渐渐认识到问题的严重性，考虑到渔业资源养护合作是南海低敏感领域合作的重要方面，其不仅有助于南海渔业资源的可持续发展，更可助力于南海僵局的破解。因此，对南海渔业资源养护合作机制做进一步的研究，为我国日后与南海周边国家建立双边协定提供理论上的建议，也为我国渔业法律制度的修订和渔业配额制度的完善提供参考。 全文主要分成五部分对南海渔业养护合作机制进行研究。第一部分，首先是解释了为什么需要构建南海渔业资源养护机制，主要是从鱼类种群自身、渔业科研技术和渔业执法三方面进行阐述。接着论述了南海渔业资源养护机制构建的意义，即南海渔业资源养护合作属于低敏感领域，有利于南海周边国家互信的建立，就此领域展开合作有助于南海地区局势的稳定，同时与油气资源进行比较突出渔业资源养护本身具有的优势。 第二部分，指出南海渔业资源养护合作的依据，第一节的《联合国海洋法公约》到第四节的约翰尼斯堡宣言及其行动计划，根据法律效力从大到小依次进行论述。 第三部分，对南海渔业资源养护合作的原则进行分析。首先是就渔业生态平衡和可持续发展的角度，提出应遵循预警原则和可持续发展原则，论证其在如今南海渔业资源养护合作适用的必要性。再次是区域合作原则，强调应展开区域合作，但是合作的范围应局限在南海周边国家，不需让区域外的海洋强国加入。最后是搁置争议原则，通过与油气资源等高敏感领域进行对比，分析此原则在渔业养护合作领域的可行性。 第四部分是文章的重点核心章节，主要是对南海渔业资源养护合作的主要领域的研究。要建立合作机制，首先必须确定合作区域的范围，通过对比各家学者观点得出合作区域应包括整个南海，并以南沙群岛区域为重点，为下一节南沙群岛机构的设立铺垫。其次，通过对比借鉴与中国有关的渔业合作组织和类似的区域渔业养护组织的实践经验，提出建立南海地区渔业资源养护合作委员会，并对委员会的主要目的、组织架构和工作内容进行了探讨，创造性地提出委员会应由秘书处、科研机构、执法机构以及南沙群岛机构组成。再次，提出应进行渔业科研方面的合作，包括资讯的搜集评估以及实施渔业的控制措施。最后，，针对IUU捕鱼行为，指出应加强渔业监管，并借鉴各区域渔业组织的监管措施提出了自己的建议。 第五部分是我国在资源养护合作机制中的作为，主要是分成国际和国内两方面。第一部分先介绍了中国与南海沿岸国开展的渔业合作实践，接着分析了实践中存在的不足并提出了国际层面的解决之道，即由我国主导，将合作向多边和深度方向推进。第二部分主要是就国内层面而言，一方面就当前渔业法律中存在的不足提出完善建议，另一方面针对当前《渔业法》中规定的捕捞限额制度如何实行提出对策。
[Abstract]:The South China Sea fishery resources continue to failure, the South China Sea Based on the characteristics of semi closed, fishery resources destroyed since it is very difficult to get from other areas, so the countries around the South China Sea conservation is particularly important. Only the countries around the South China Sea together, can be built up of countries in the South China Sea fishery resources conservation. Although the cooperation mechanism between countries in the South China Sea the sovereignty dispute has not been resolved, maritime delimitation has not been completed, but in recent years many countries began to realize the seriousness of the problem, considering the conservation of fishery resources cooperation is an important aspect of cooperation in South China Sea low sensitive areas of sustainable development, which not only help the South China Sea fishery resources, but also help break the deadlock in the South China Sea. Therefore, do further research on the South China Sea fishery resources conservation cooperation mechanism, to provide theoretical suggestions for our country and neighboring countries in the South China sea days after the establishment of bilateral agreements, also It provides a reference for the revision of China's fisheries legal system and the improvement of the fishery quota system.
The thesis is mainly divided into five parts to research on the South China Sea fishery conservation cooperation mechanism. The first part firstly explains why the need to build the South China Sea fishery resources conservation mechanism, mainly from the fish population, fishery research technology and fisheries law enforcement on three aspects. Then discusses the construction of the South China sea fishery resources conservation mechanism significance, that the South China Sea fishery resources maintenance of cooperation is low sensitive areas, conducive to the establishment of the South China Sea surrounding countries mutual trust, expand cooperation in this area is helpful to the stability of the situation in the South China Sea, and prominent fishery resources conservation itself has the advantage of oil and gas resources.
The second part points out the basis for the conservation cooperation of the fishery resources in the South China Sea. The Johannes Fort declaration and its action plan in the first section of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea to the fourth quarter are discussed according to the legal effect from large to small.
The third part, analysis of cooperation in the South China Sea fishery resources conservation principles. The first is the fishery ecological balance and sustainable development point of view, put forward the precautionary principle and should follow the principles of sustainable development, demonstrates its necessity in the South China Sea fishery resources conservation cooperation now applicable. Again is the principle of regional cooperation, stressed the need to expand regional cooperation, but the scope of cooperation should be limited in the countries around the South China Sea, not to let outside the region of marine power to join. Finally putting aside disputes principle, comparing with the oil and gas resources, high sensitive areas, the feasibility analysis of this principle in the fishery conservation areas of cooperation.
The fourth part is the core section of the article, mainly is the main research areas of cooperation in the South China Sea fishery resources conservation. To establish a cooperation mechanism, we must first determine the scope of cooperation in the region, through the comparison of various views of scholars that regional cooperation should include the entire South China Sea, and to the Spratly Islands area as the focus, to pave the way for the establishment of the Spratly Islands the next section. Secondly, by comparing the reference and China related fishery cooperation organization and similar regional fisheries conservation organization experience, proposed the establishment of conservation of fishery resources in the South China Sea cooperation committee, and the main purpose of the committee, the organization structure and the work content are discussed, creatively put forward the Council Secretariat, scientific research institutions, law enforcement. Spratly Islands institutions and institutions. Thirdly, puts forward the fishery cooperative research, including information collection and evaluation Finally, aiming at the IUU fishing behavior, we pointed out that we should strengthen fishery supervision, and draw lessons from the regulatory measures of various regional fisheries organizations, and put forward our own proposals.
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本文编号：1599601