劳动法上过渡时间法律性质之认定

发布时间：2018-03-13 14:25

本文选题：过渡时间　切入点：工作时间　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：劳动基准作为国家以强制性规范规定的关于工资、工时、休息休假、劳动安全卫生、女职工和未成年工特殊保护等方面的最低劳动标准,是保障劳动者权益的一条不可逾越的底线,也是使劳动者体面生存的最低要求。工时制度作为劳动基准的主要内容对于劳动关系的发展有着极为重要的意义。根据我国现行劳动立法的规定,我国目前有三种工作时间制度,分别是标准工时制、综合计算工时制以及不定时工时制。我国工时制度对于工作时间和休息时间的划分,一方面影响着劳动者的工作权和劳动报酬,另一方面也影响着劳动者的休息权及健康权。随着以服务型企业为主的第三产业的兴起,以及越来越多的企业实行综合计算工时制和不定时工作制,工作时间与休息时间之间的界限愈发模糊,实践中产生了诸多过渡时间,由于我国相关法律规定过于简单,难以对纷繁复杂的过渡时间的法律性质进行合理认定,又由于劳动者在劳动关系中天然的处于弱势地位,其合法权益往往受到严重损害。本文在比较法的基础上,根据收集整理的实证资料(主要以空中乘务员及其备份飞行制度为例),以过渡时间的法律性质为研究重点,对各种情况特殊的过渡时间进行分析研究,并试图构建系统的认定过渡时间法律性质的标准。本文首先确立了二元结构的工时制度作为对过渡时间法律性质认定的前提,并介绍和分析了我国台湾地区、美国、英国以及德国的相关法律法规对于特殊情况下的过渡时间的认定标准。在文章的第二部分,对实践中的几种特殊情况下的过渡时间进行了辨析。对于计时制工资劳动者的过渡时间主要以空中乘务人员为例,主要介绍了正常飞行任务和备份飞行制度中产生的过渡时间,实践中对此类过渡时间的认定和处理严重损害了劳动者的休息权和劳动报酬权。对于不当解雇劳动者的过渡时间,笔者以劳动关系的非正常中止为切入点,对劳雇双方的责任划分进行了具体分析。由于实际情况的多样性以及影响因素的复杂性,过渡时间往往兼有工作时间和休息时间的特征,特别是受市场周期波动影响较大的企业,因其在供求信息等方面的不确定性,使标准工时制在这样的企业中难以实行。综合工时制和不定时工时制以灵活性和适应性见长的同时亦难以回避其复杂和不稳定的固有缺陷。因此在文章的第三部分,笔者以比较法为基础对过渡时间性质的认定标准进行了系统构建,形成以外在标准为主、内在标准为辅的,层次递进的过渡时间性质的认定标准,以应对特殊的工作时间制度及愈发复杂的用工形式。最后,笔者也就工间歇息时间以及过渡时间内工资支付等由过渡时间衍生的问题提出了处理思路,试图进一步弥补这一领域的法律空白,以促进我国劳动关系的协调发展。
[Abstract]:The labor benchmark is the minimum labor standard stipulated by the State in terms of wages, working hours, rest and leave, labour safety and health, special protection for female workers and underage workers, etc. Is an insurmountable bottom line to protect the rights and interests of workers. It is also the minimum requirement for the decent existence of the laborer. As the main content of the labor standard, the working hour system is of great significance for the development of the labor relations. At present, there are three kinds of working time system in our country, namely, standard working hour system, comprehensive calculation working hour system and irregular working hour system. On the one hand, it affects workers' right to work and remuneration, on the other hand, it also affects workers' right to rest and right to health. And more and more enterprises implement the comprehensive calculation time system and the irregular work system, the boundary between the working time and the rest time becomes more and more blurred, and many transitional times are produced in practice, because the relevant laws and regulations of our country are too simple, It is difficult to reasonably identify the legal nature of the complicated transition period, and because workers are naturally in a weak position in labor relations, their legitimate rights and interests are often seriously damaged. According to the empirical data collected (mainly taking flight attendants and their backup flight systems as an example, and taking the legal nature of the transition time as the focus of the study, this paper analyzes and studies the special transition time in various circumstances. This paper first establishes the dualistic structure of the man-hour system as the premise of the legal nature of the transitional time, and introduces and analyzes the Taiwan area of China, the United States. The criteria for determining the transitional time in special circumstances in the relevant laws and regulations of the United Kingdom and Germany. In the second part of the article, This paper discriminates and analyzes the transition time in several special cases in practice. The transition time of hourly wage workers is mainly taken as an example of air crew, and the transition time produced in normal flight mission and backup flight system is mainly introduced. In practice, the identification and treatment of such transitional time seriously impairs the workers' right to rest and remuneration. For the transitional period of improper dismissal of workers, the author takes the abnormal suspension of labor relations as the starting point. The division of responsibilities between workers and employers is analyzed concretely. Due to the diversity of the actual situation and the complexity of the influencing factors, the transition time often has the characteristics of both working time and rest time. In particular, enterprises affected by market cycle fluctuations are uncertain in terms of supply and demand information, It is difficult to implement the standard man-hour system in such an enterprise. The integrated man-hour system and the irregular man-hour system are flexible and adaptable, and it is difficult to avoid their inherent defects of complexity and instability. Therefore, in the third part of the article, On the basis of comparative method, the author systematically constructs the criterion of determining the nature of transition time, and forms the standard of identifying the nature of transition time, which is mainly based on external standards and supplemented by internal standards. In order to deal with the special working time system and the increasingly complex employment forms, the author also puts forward some solutions to the problems arising from the transition time, such as the rest time between work and the payment of wages during the transition period. In order to promote the harmonious development of labor relations in China, this paper tries to make up the legal gap in this field.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.5

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