小作坊食品安全的法律规制

发布时间：2018-03-17 06:10

本文选题：食品安全　切入点：法律规制　出处：《吉林财经大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“国以民为本，民以食为天，食以安为先”，食品安全不仅是我国国民经济发展和社会的和谐安定的关键所在，更是广大人民群众生存权的重要保障。近几年,我国食品安全乱象频出，从“毒豆芽”到“毒血旺”，从“染色馒头”到“黑心烤鸭”，这些接连不断的食品安全事件不仅刺痛了我们的神经，更使得小作坊、黑窝点的食品安全问题重新浮出水面并引起了社会各界的关注，更让我们进一步反思我国在食品安全法律规制方面的不足。据国家质检总局调查，我国食品质量安全问题主要发生在食品生产加工环节，特别是在小型食品生产加工企业和小作坊存在问题最为严重。2009年颁布的《食品安全法》确立了我国现行“分段监管为主、品种监管为辅”的食品监管体制，但在这一体制下，对食品生产加工小作坊和食品摊贩的监管职责不清并且存在盲区，相关法律法规匮乏，从而存在大量的监管空白与安全隐患。在认识到小作坊食品安全问题的重要性与严重性的同时，我国应从各个方面采取能够保障食品安全的措施，其中以建立健全各项法律制度为手段的法律规制是各项规制的重中之重。本文首先从食品生产小作坊的概念切入，分别阐述了小作坊的特征和现状，从而对我国食品生产加工小作坊进行了初步的介绍。紧接着进一步阐述了小作坊食品安全法律规制的理论基础，一方面是法律支撑，即经济法的理论基础；另一方面是制度支撑，包括政府失灵、利益分配等理论。其次，通过详细论述我国小作坊监管机构的变更以及法律法规的制定与实施，对我国小作坊食品安全问题法律规制的历程进行了简要归纳。明确了现阶段小作坊食品安全存在的问题，主要是对小作坊缺乏明确的法律规定，现有的法律法规的法律效力层次偏低，缺乏小作坊的监管标准，监管体制存在缺陷，执法方式不科学、运动式治理较为普遍。针对小作坊食品安全的种种问题，从制度、机制等深层原因分析其成因。最后，通过总结国外对食品生产加工小作坊法律规制的经验，引发对完善我国小作坊食品安全问题法律规制的思考。具体包括强化立法，使小作坊食品安全治理有法可依；改革监管机构，优化小作坊食品监管模式；加大对小作坊扶持力度，转变监管方式；以预防为主，全面防范小作坊食品安全风险；提高小作坊食品生产者自身素质，，加强社会监督。本文以我国小作坊食品安全问题现状为切入点，分析了现行小作坊食品安全法律制度构建的缺陷从而总结出完善措施，希望对我国食品安全法律规制建设有所裨益。
[Abstract]:Food safety is not only the key to the development of our national economy and the harmony and stability of our society, but also an important guarantee of the people's right to subsistence. In recent years, Food safety chaos occurs frequently in our country. From "poisonous bean sprouts" to "poisonous blood prosperity", from "dyed steamed bread" to "black heart roast duck", these successive food safety incidents not only prick our nerves, but also make small workshops. The problem of food safety in Heiwo has resurfaced and aroused the attention of all walks of life in the society, which makes us further reflect on the deficiencies in the legal regulation of food safety in our country. According to an investigation conducted by the State Administration of quality Supervision, Inspection and Inspection, Food quality and safety problems in China mainly occur in food production and processing, especially in small food production and processing enterprises and small workshops. The food supervision system is supplemented by variety supervision, but under this system, the supervision of small food production and processing workshops and food vendors is unclear and there are blind areas, and the relevant laws and regulations are lacking. While recognizing the importance and seriousness of food safety problems in small workshops, China should take measures to ensure food safety from all aspects. Among them, the most important of the regulations is to establish and perfect the legal system. In this paper, the characteristics and present situation of the small food workshop are expounded respectively from the concept of the small workshop of food production. Then it introduces the food production and processing workshop of our country, and then further expounds the theoretical basis of the food safety regulation of the small workshop, on the one hand, the legal support, that is, the theoretical basis of economic law; On the other hand, it is the system support, including the theory of government failure, benefit distribution and so on. Secondly, through the detailed discussion of the change of supervision organization of small workshop in our country and the formulation and implementation of laws and regulations, This paper briefly summarizes the course of legal regulation of food safety in small workshops in China. It clarifies the problems existing in food safety of small workshops at this stage, mainly due to the lack of clear legal provisions for small workshops. The existing laws and regulations have a low level of legal effectiveness, lack of supervision standards for small workshops, defects in the regulatory system, unscientific ways of enforcing the law, and relatively common sports governance. In view of the various problems of food safety in small workshops, we should start with the system. Finally, by summing up the experience of foreign countries on the legal regulation of food production and processing small workshops, the author thinks about how to perfect the legal regulation of food safety in small workshops in China. To make the small workshop food safety management have laws to follow; reform the regulatory body, optimize the small workshop food supervision model; increase the support to small workshops, change the way of supervision; take prevention as the main, prevent the risk of small workshop food safety; To improve the quality of small workshop food producers and strengthen social supervision. This paper, based on the current situation of food safety in small workshops in China, analyzes the defects in the construction of the current legal system of food safety in small workshops and sums up the perfect measures. The author hopes to benefit the legal regulation of food safety in China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.16

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