我国碳捕获、利用与封存（CCUS）法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 10:07

本文选题：CCUS　切入点：法律制度　出处：《甘肃政法学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着温室气体排放增加导致全球变暖趋势越来越明显,各地恶劣天气频率不断增多,世界各地在发展低碳经济领域已经达成共识,努力发展低碳经济、也已经成为一种世界潮流。面对艰巨的碳减排压力,二氧化碳捕获、利用与封存随着时代的发展应运而生。二氧化碳捕获、利用与封存技术是目前实现工业二氧化碳零排放的一项重要技术,是国际上目前应对全球气候变暖的战略性技术,其以将人为产生的二氧化碳与大气长期隔绝而著称,目前包括我国在内的世界上许多国家已经开展了第一批碳封存示范项目,主要目的是为将来碳封存的大规模应用积累实践经验。2016年中国大气本底基准观象台瓦里关山基地多年监测表明,大气中的二氧化碳浓度年均上升约2ppm (1ppm指一百万个空气分子中含有一个二氧化碳分子)。专家表示,这说明全球温室气体排放形势依然严峻,全球变暖趋势不改,全球减排任务依然艰巨。近些年,我国大力发展了一批诸如风能、核能、太阳能、潮汐能等新兴的清洁能源,但是这些新兴清洁能源和煤炭化石能源相比所占的比例极少,而且这些项目多分布于具有特殊地理位置优势的区域,并不具有普遍性。二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存就成为了如今既可以普遍发展,又能够实现减排目标的必然选择。然而,该项技术在实施过程中也并非是完美无瑕的,也存在一些问题,尤其是法律制度层面的问题,诸如二氧化碳该如何定性、封存后的二氧化碳所有权问题、如何利用封存后的二氧化碳、经济效益所有权问题、安全风险性问题以及二氧化碳泄露后造成环境影响的归责问题等。为此通过法律手段,实现碳捕获、封存与利用的良好发展已经成为世界各国实践的共识。我国在二氧化碳定性、封存后归属权、商业化、环境影响评价方面仍然没有正式的法律出台。国外在碳捕获、利用与封存方面的立法实践将有助于中国借鉴其经验与教训,实现中国碳捕获、利用与封存立法的科学化。本文旨在通过对美国、欧盟、加拿大和澳大利亚这三个国家和地区成熟的立法经验和完善的法律制度的研究,提出构建我国碳捕获、利用与封存法律制度的建议。首先,文章介绍了碳捕获、利用与封存的概念,指出我国碳捕获、利用与封存发展的必要性和可行性;其次,文章对我国碳捕获、利用与封存发展中面临的法律制度的不足进行了剖析,分析了我国碳捕获、利用与封存在发展的过程中遇到的法律障碍和难题;再次,文章对于国外碳捕获、利用与封存法律制度进行了分析,并且指出我国可以借鉴的立法经验;最后,文章提出完善我国碳捕获、利用与封存发展的法律制度的建议。
[Abstract]:With the increase in greenhouse gas emissions leading to global warming, the trend of global warming is becoming more and more obvious, and the frequency of severe weather is increasing. There has been a consensus around the world in the field of developing a low-carbon economy, and efforts have been made to develop a low-carbon economy. Carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage come into being with the development of the times, carbon dioxide capture, carbon dioxide capture, carbon dioxide capture, carbon dioxide sequestration, carbon dioxide capture, carbon dioxide capture, carbon dioxide capture, carbon dioxide capture, carbon dioxide capture, The use and sequestration technology is an important technology to achieve zero industrial carbon dioxide emissions. It is a strategic technology in the international response to global warming. It is famous for isolating anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere for a long time. At present, many countries in the world, including China, have already carried out the first demonstration projects on carbon sequestration. The main purpose is to accumulate practical experience for the large-scale application of carbon sequestration in the future. The average annual increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is about 2 ppm or 1 ppm, which means that one million air molecules contain one molecule of carbon dioxide. Experts say this shows that the global greenhouse gas emission situation is still grim and the trend of global warming remains unchanged. The task of reducing emissions globally is still daunting. In recent years, China has vigorously developed a number of new clean energy sources, such as wind, nuclear, solar, tidal energy and so on, but the proportion of these new clean energy sources compared with fossil coal energy is very small. Moreover, most of these projects are located in areas with special geographical advantages and are not universal. Carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage have become an inevitable choice for both universal development and the ability to achieve emission reduction targets. The technology is not flawless, and there are problems, especially at the legal system level, such as how to characterize carbon dioxide and ownership of carbon dioxide after sequestration. How to make use of carbon dioxide after storage, ownership of economic benefit, safety risk and imputation of environmental impact after carbon dioxide leakage, etc. Therefore, through legal means, carbon capture can be realized. The good development of sequestration and utilization has become a consensus in the practice of the world. There are still no formal laws on carbon dioxide characterization, ownership, commercialization, and environmental impact assessment in China. The use and storage of legislation will be helpful for China to learn from its experiences and lessons, to realize the scientific legislation of carbon capture, utilization and sequestration of the United States, the European Union, the United States, the European Union, the United States, the European Union, the United States and the European Union. Canada and Australia these three countries and regions mature legislative experience and perfect legal system research, put forward the construction of China's carbon capture, use and sequestration of the legal system. First, the article introduced carbon capture, This paper points out the necessity and feasibility of the development of carbon capture, utilization and storage in China by using the concept of carbon capture and sequestration. Secondly, the paper analyzes the deficiencies of the legal system in the development of carbon capture, utilization and storage in China. This paper analyzes the legal obstacles and problems encountered in the development of carbon capture, utilization and storage in China. Thirdly, the article analyzes the legal system of carbon capture, utilization and storage in foreign countries, and points out the legislative experience that can be used for reference by our country. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions to perfect the legal system of carbon capture, utilization and storage development in China.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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