突发环境事件应急法制研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 03:38

本文选题：突发环境事件　切入点：环境污染　出处：《广西师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：进入21世纪以来,由于环境风险的长期积累,突发环境事件频频发生。在短短10多年的时间里,先后发生了多起重大、特大突发环境事件,一些重特大事件在全国范围内乃至全球范围内造成巨大影响,举国震惊甚至举世震惊。如何妥善、科学、有效地处置突发环境事件,成为摆在全社会面前的一道必答题。把突发环境事件应急处置全过程纳入法制化轨道,成为时下社会主义法治国家的一种必然选择。依法治国理念提出以来,我国在环保领域投入了大量的立法资源,突发环境事件应急法律体系也随着各种法律、行政法规以及实施条例的颁布得到初步建立。但是,我国在应对突发环境事件的应急法制化建设水平与经济社会发展要求、人民群众环境诉求仍有较大差距,各种体制机制方面的问题仍有待进行进一步深入、细致的研究。所以,对我国突发环境事件的应急法制进行认真剖析、研究,对从法制层面规范事件应急处置全过程具有重要意义。本文重点关注突发环境事件的应急处置的全过程并认真、细致地进行深入研究,对突发环境事件、突发环境事件的应急法制的含义、特征以及内容等进行深刻阐释,回顾山西长治天脊集团苯胺泄漏事件、广西龙江镉污染事件等几起我国典型突发环境事件的应急处置过程,指出应急实践存在的问题,从突发事件应对法、环境保护综合性法律、环境保护单行法律法规及其实施细则以及突发环境事件应急预案等多个层面阐述突发环境事件应急法制的现状与不足,在参考美国、日本、俄罗斯等国外应对突发环境事件法律法规的相关规定的基础上,提出健全完善我国突发环境事件应急法制要从法律法规、制度机制、责任划分等方面入手。这篇文章分为引言部分以及第一部分至第五部分。引言部分简要叙述研究的目的与意义、国内外研究的现状、研究的结构与方法。第一部分为“突发环境事件的应急法制概述”,深入分析了突发环境事件的相关内容,梳理出突发环境事件的定义、特征、危害,并阐述了突发环境事件应急法制的含义、特征以及内容。第二部分为“我国重大突发环境事件应急处置过程回顾及其存在的问题”,通过对相关资料文献的查阅,全面回顾了山西长治天脊集团苯胺泄漏事件、广西龙江镉污染事件的应急处置全过程,并对应急处置过程中的问题进行了评价,进一步总结出我国突发环境事件应急实践目前存在的问题,包括信息披露不及时、公众参与程度低、预警评价和应急处置不科学、应急恢复处置不完善。第三部分为“我国突发环境应急法制的现状与不足”,从突发事件应对法、环境保护综合性法律、单行法律法规及其实施细则、突发环境事件应急预案四个层面对我国的突发环境事件的应急法制的现状进行了深入、细致的分析研究。第四部分为“发达国家的突发环境事件的应急法制经验借鉴”,为进行比较研究,介绍了美国、日本、俄罗斯这几个国家的突发环境事件应急法律现状,总结出发达国家的应急法制经验完全可以给我们完善我国的突发环境的应急法制现状提供一些启示,使得我国在突发环境事件的应急法制建设上尽量少走弯路。第五部分为“完善我国的突发环境事件的应急法制的建议”,根据上文归纳的我国现阶段突发环境事件的应急法制存在的问题,其次从问题本身出发、以解决这些问题的角度提出了完善法律法规、法制制度以及法律责任。
[Abstract]:Since twenty-first Century, due to the long-term accumulation of environmental risk, environmental emergencies occur frequently. In just 10 years, has witnessed a number of major, serious environmental emergencies, some major events caused great influence in the country globally, the whole nation was shocked and even shocked the world. How to properly and scientifically effectively, disposal of environmental emergencies, be placed in front of the whole society is a must answer. The environmental emergencies emergency disposal of the whole process into the legal system, become an inevitable choice for the socialist country under the rule of law. The idea of the rule of law has been proposed, China has invested a lot of resources legislation in the field of environmental protection, environmental emergency emergency legal system with laws, administrative regulations and regulations promulgated to implement are preliminarily established. However, in China's emergency response to sudden environmental incidents The legal construction and the level of economic and social development, people's environmental claims there is still a large gap between various institutional issues remain to be further in-depth and meticulous research. Therefore, the emergency legal system of environmental emergencies in our country are analyzed from the legal level of research, standardized emergency has important significance for disposal the whole process. This article focuses on the whole process of emergency disposal of environmental emergencies and serious, detailed in-depth study of environmental emergencies, environmental emergencies emergency legal system of meaning, characteristics and profound interpretation of content, review of the Shanxi Changzhi Tianji Group aniline spill, Guangxi Longjiang cadmium pollution emergency disposal process several events in China's typical environmental emergencies, points out the problems from the emergency, the emergency response law, environmental protection law, Environmental protection laws and regulations and the detailed rules for the implementation of environmental emergencies contingency plans and other aspects of current situation and deficiency of environmental emergency legal system, in reference to the United States, Japan, Russia and other foreign based relevant provisions of laws and regulations to deal with environmental emergencies on, put forward perfect our country environmental emergency legal system from law regulations, institutional mechanisms, responsibility division and so on. This article is divided into the introduction and the first part to the fifth part. The introduction briefly describes the research purpose and significance, the domestic and foreign research present situation, structure and methods of the study. The first part is "overview of environmental emergencies emergency legal system", analyzes relevant the content of environmental emergencies, environmental emergencies to tease out the definition, characteristics, hazards, and expounds the environmental emergency law system meaning, The characteristics and contents. The second part is "the emergency disposal process of China's major environmental emergencies review and its existing problems, through access to relevant literature, a comprehensive review of the Shanxi Changzhi Tianji Group aniline leakage incident, the whole process of emergency disposal of Guangxi Longjiang cadmium pollution incident, and the problems in the process of emergency disposal the evaluation, further summarizes the present practice of emergency environmental problems, including information disclosure is not timely, low public participation, early warning and emergency response evaluation is not scientific, emergency recovery disposal is not perfect. The third part is" the status and lack of emergency affairs environment in our country, from the emergency response law environmental protection, comprehensive law, laws and regulations and the detailed rules for the implementation of environmental emergencies contingency plans, the four aspects of emergency environmental things in China's The legal status of in-depth, detailed analysis and research. The fourth part is "the legal experience of emergency environmental emergencies in developed countries for reference, a comparative study, introduced the United States, Japan, the legal status of emergency environmental emergencies that several countries in Russia, summed up the emergency legal system experience of developed countries can provide some enlightenment for us to improve emergency emergency environmental legal status in our country, make our country in the construction of emergency law of environmental emergencies as far as possible detours. The fifth part is" the perfection of environmental emergencies in our country's legal system of emergency proposal ", according to the existing emergency legal system of China's current environmental emergencies summarized above the second problem, from the problem itself, in order to solve these problems, puts forward the perfect legal laws and regulations, legal system and legal responsibility.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

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