我国填海造地中海域使用权与新增土地使用权权利衔接探究

发布时间：2018-03-30 20:05

本文选题：填海造地　切入点：海域使用权　出处：《海南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：海洋资源是满足人类赖以生存的基础,填海造地活动是对海洋资源开发与利用的表现方式之一。它不仅能够产生新增土地使海洋与陆地生态格局发生根本性的转变,同时也承担着保护环境的任务。目前,我国没有一部完整规制填海造地活动的法律规范。对该行为的规制散见于《海域使用管理法》与其他相关法律规范以及地方政府的规章文件当中。因此,这就导致了相关法律规范之间对该方面规定的矛盾与冲突,相关部门管理上的错位以及各地实践做法不一现象的产生。对于所研究的问题主要从国家以及地方政府两个层面上对该活动现行有效的规定进行深入研究。经研究发现法律问题主要有关于新增土地使用权取得主体条件规定的简单且粗陋、"换证"程序与方式上规定的较为笼统以及因土地出让金没有统一规定而导致实践中做法不一。解决好填海造地带来的这一系列问题,是处理好海域使用权与新增土地使用权权利衔接问题的关键更是关乎合理开发海洋资源的前提。因此,研究该问题的目的在于为打破立法与实践中新增土地使用权取得主体单一模式,完善海域使用权与新增土地使用权取得途径、方式,统一土地出让金缴纳制度提供有效的建议。针对该领域存在的法律的问题分别从立法规制与具体操作两个角度提出实用性强的建议。其中,在立法规制的建议中要坚持下位法遵循上位法的原则下以及地方政府规范与国家层面立法相统一制定专门法律且与《土地管理法》、《城市规划法》等相关法律相衔接。此外,在具体规制中建议如下:第一,违法填海造地实施主体不得取得新增土地使用权主体且将合法填海造地项目中新增土地使用权取得主体的范围扩大到根据新增土地用途确定新增土地使用权主体。第二,根据新增土地用途用于公益性与否来规制"换证"途径与方式,相关权利人通过市场公平竞争如招标、拍卖、挂牌或者划拨方式取得且办理相关注销、登记程序。此外,还应当采纳共同行使两个权利整体出让模式来解决政府部门之间管理协调问题。第三,新增土地若符合《划拨土地目录》用地,则免收土地出让金。若新增土地用于非公益,新增土地使用权人与原海域使用权人为同一主体的,原海域使用权人应补缴一定的土地出让金。
[Abstract]:Marine resources are the basis of human survival, and reclamation is one of the ways to develop and utilize marine resources. It can not only produce new land, but also change the ecological pattern of ocean and land. At the same time, it also undertakes the task of protecting the environment. China does not have a complete legal norm to regulate land reclamation activities. The regulation of this act is scattered in the Law on the Management of Sea area use and other relevant laws and regulations, as well as in the regulations of local governments. This has led to contradictions and conflicts between the relevant legal norms in this regard, The misalignment of relevant department management and the emergence of different practice and practice in various places. The problems studied mainly from the national and local government level to carry on the thorough research on the current effective regulation of the activity. It is found that the legal problems mainly include the simple and crude stipulation about the main conditions of obtaining the new land use right, the general stipulation of the procedure and method of "exchanging certificates" and the fact that there is no uniform stipulation on the land transfer fee, which leads to the practice. The approach is different. Solve the series of problems caused by reclamation. It is the key to deal with the connection between the right to use the sea area and the rights of the new land use right, which is the premise of the rational development of marine resources. The purpose of this study is to break the single mode of obtaining new land use right in legislation and practice, and to perfect the way to obtain the right to use the sea area and the new land use right. Unifying the payment system of land transfer fee provides effective suggestions. In view of the legal problems existing in this field, the author puts forward some practical suggestions from the aspects of legislative regulation and specific operation respectively. In the suggestion of legislation regulation, we should stick to the principle that the lower law follows the upper law, and the local government norm should unify with the legislation at the national level to make special laws and link up with the relevant laws such as the Land Management Law, the City Planning Law, etc. In addition, the local government norms should be unified with the legislation at the national level. The recommendations in the specific regulation are as follows: first, The subject of illegal reclamation shall not obtain the subject of the new land use right and the scope of the subject of obtaining the right to use the new land in the legal reclamation project shall be expanded to determine the subject of the new land use right according to the new land use. Second, According to whether the new land use is used for public welfare or not to regulate the ways and means of "exchanging certificates", the relevant right holders obtain and handle the relevant cancellation and registration procedures through fair competition in the market such as bidding, auction, listing or allocation. We should also adopt the model of jointly exercising the two rights as a whole to solve the problem of management coordination between government departments. Third, if the newly added land conforms to the Land allocation catalogue, then the land transfer fee shall be waived. If the new land is used for non-public good, Where the new land user and the original sea area user are the same subject, the original sea area user shall pay a certain amount of land transfer fee.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.6

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