公法上警察概念的变迁

发布时间：2018-04-02 03:33

本文选题：警察权　切入点：警察行政　出处：《法学研究》2017年02期

【摘要】："警察"一词是公法上重要的基础性概念。在德国和日本,"警察"在公法上可以指代某种国家活动,但概念的外延在历史上发生了转变。当代德日的警察法理论分别确立了实质的警察概念与形式的警察概念、关于警察的"实定法上的概念"与"学问上的概念"的二元构造。警察概念在这两个国家的变迁史可谓殊途而同归。近代中国的公法学说受日本学说的影响,将警察视作某种统合性的国家活动;新中国的警察概念则展现出了泛政治化、身份化的状况,从而仅用来指代实定法上的"人民警察",警察概念的统合性功能就此缺失。由于统合性的警察概念有助于确定法律保留原则的适用范围,能够为判断行政裁量权收缩提供类型化标准,能够为行政权介入私法领域注入正当性要素,并有助于塑造宪法判断的基准,有必要在公法及公法学体系中重新引入统合性的警察概念。
[Abstract]:The term "police" is an important fundamental concept in public law. In Germany and Japan, the term "police" in public law may refer to a certain state activity, However, the extension of the concept has changed in history. The modern police law theory of Germany and Japan respectively establishes the concept of police in essence and the concept of police in form. The dual structure of the concept of "the law of truth" and the "concept of learning" of the police. The concept of police in the vicissitude history of these two countries can be said to be different and return together. The theory of public law in modern China is influenced by the Japanese theory. We regard the police as some kind of integrated state activity, while the concept of police in New China shows a situation of pan-politicization and identity. Thus it is only used to refer to the "people's police" in the de facto law, and the integrative function of the police concept is missing. Since the concept of integrative police is helpful in determining the scope of application of the principle of legal reservation, It can provide the type standard for judging the contraction of administrative discretion, inject the legitimate elements into the field of private law, and help to shape the benchmark of constitutional judgment. It is necessary to reintroduce the concept of integrative police in public law and public law system.
【作者单位】：厦门大学法学院;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(项目号20720171006) 厦门大学人文社会科学“校长基金·创新团队”课题“法理学前沿问题研究”的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D922.14

【相似文献】