冷冻胚胎若干法律问题的案例分析

发布时间：2018-04-02 03:26

本文选题：冷冻胚胎　切入点：法律属性　出处：《兰州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：人工生殖辅助技术的飞速发展给人类的生殖方式带来了极大变化,在造福人类的同时却也严重冲击着传统社会秩序,客观上引发了伦理和法律诸多方面的问题。“国内首例冷冻胚胎权属纠纷案”适用法律上的空白,表明我国法律在面对新技术时规制的滞后性。法律作为维护社会秩序和基本行为的规范体系,应当适应社会发展的需要,对新兴科技运用带来的问题有所反应。冷冻胚胎究竟是什么,是人还是物?四位“失独老人”获得法院判决的冷冻胚胎“监管、处置权”该如何实现?是否会引起非法代孕问题?代孕是否应该合法化?这些问题都亟需法律的解答。本文拟就冷冻胚胎和代孕涉及的相关问题进行研究,力图为未来我国关于冷冻胚胎的法律保护以及代孕的立法提供借鉴和参考。本文总共由三大部分组成:引言、正文和结语。引言部分,简明扼要地介绍了论文的选题背景及研究重点、研究意义和研究方法。正文部分,共分为五章,具体如下:第一章,冷冻胚胎权属纠纷案的案情综述。先简单地介绍“国内首例冷冻胚胎权属纠纷案”的基本概况;涉案三方当事人的意见;一、二审法院的裁判结果。再归纳出本案的三个关注焦点即第一,冷冻胚胎的法律属性或法律地位问题;第二,冷冻胚胎的权属及处分问题;第三,冷冻胚胎的继承以及由此引发的代孕问题的讨论。第二章,冷冻胚胎法律属性的界定。梳理并依次评析学界关于冷冻胚胎法律属性的三种主流理论观点即主体说、客体说和中间说。本文在支持冷冻胚胎具有物性的基础上,赞同将其纳入于民法中人格物的观点。第三章,冷冻胚胎的权属及其处分。分析三种原始取得情形下,冷冻胚胎的所有权归属。在总结冷冻胚胎五种类型化处分的基础上,阐释因处分权引起的纠纷解决方法。第四章,冷冻胚胎的继承问题及延伸。经过对冷冻胚胎的可继承性分析,明确冷冻胚胎可作为遗产继承但继承权内容应受到限定。在“国内首例冷冻胚胎权属纠纷案”中,法院判决四位“失独老人”共同享有其子女遗留下冷冻胚胎的“监管、处置权”,但因其“延续香火”目的存在实现不能的困境,进而延伸出代孕问题的探讨。第五章,冷冻胚胎的法律保护。首先,从制定冷冻胚胎保护法、建立冷冻胚胎登记制度、确定冷冻胚胎保存期限、完善冷冻胚胎处分机制四个方面构建冷冻胚胎的保护措施。其次,对允许无偿代孕提出法律建议,学习以色列法律中有关于代孕的法律规制,并提出适合我国国情的特殊法律规则。结语部分,本文展望在处理冷冻胚胎和代孕的有关问题上,我国法律能够体现应有的理性秩序和人文关怀。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of artificial reproductive assistance technology has brought great changes to the reproductive mode of human beings, while benefiting mankind, it has also seriously impacted the traditional social order. Objectively, it has caused many ethical and legal problems. "the first dispute over the ownership of frozen embryos in China" is a blank in the applicable law. It shows that the law of our country is lagging behind in the face of the new technology. As a standard system to maintain social order and basic behavior, the law should meet the needs of social development. Respond to the problems posed by the use of new technologies. What are frozen embryos, human or physical? Four "missing elderly" by the court decision of the frozen embryo "supervision, disposal power" how to achieve? Will it give rise to the problem of illegal surrogacy? Should surrogacy be legalized? These questions are in urgent need of legal solutions. This paper intends to study the relevant issues related to frozen embryos and surrogacy. Try to provide reference and reference for the legal protection of frozen embryos and the legislation of surrogate pregnancy in our country in the future. This paper consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. This paper briefly introduces the background and research focus of the thesis, research significance and research methods. The main body is divided into five chapters, as follows: chapter 1, Summary of the case of frozen embryo ownership dispute. First, briefly introduce the basic situation of "the first case of frozen embryo ownership dispute in China"; the opinions of the three parties involved; first, The results of the court of second instance. The first, the legal attribute or the legal status of the frozen embryo; the second, the ownership and disposition of the frozen embryo; and the third, The second chapter is the definition of legal attributes of frozen embryos. Object Theory and Intermediate Theory. On the basis of supporting the physical nature of frozen embryos, this paper agrees with the view that frozen embryos should be incorporated into the personality of civil law. Chapter III, ownership and disposition of frozen embryos. Ownership of frozen embryos. On the basis of summing up five types of disposition of frozen embryos, this paper explains the methods of dispute resolution arising from the right of disposition. Chapter four, The inheritance and extension of frozen embryos. Based on the analysis of the inheritance of frozen embryos, it is clear that frozen embryos can be inherited as inheritance, but the contents of inheritance should be limited. In the case of "the first dispute over the ownership of frozen embryos in China", The court ruled that the four "elderly without independence" shared the "right of supervision and disposal" of frozen embryos left over by their children, but because of their "continuation of incense", there was a dilemma that could not be realized, thus extending the discussion of surrogacy. The legal protection of frozen embryos. Firstly, the protection measures of frozen embryos should be constructed from four aspects: establishing the frozen embryo protection law, establishing the registration system of frozen embryos, determining the duration of frozen embryos preservation, perfecting the disposition mechanism of frozen embryos. To allow free surrogacy to put forward the legal advice, learn from the Israeli law about surrogacy legal regulation, and put forward the special legal rules suitable for the national conditions of our country. Conclusion part, this article looks forward to dealing with frozen embryos and surrogate pregnancy related issues. The law of our country can embody the rational order and humanistic concern.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.16

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