论我国行政侵权精神损害赔偿制度的完善

发布时间：2018-04-03 09:30

本文选题：行政侵权　切入点：国家赔偿　出处：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：历时五年，经过全国人大常委会4次审议的国家赔偿法修正案终于出台了，此次《国家赔偿法》的修改是法治建设上一次重要的里程碑。修改后的《国家赔偿法》畅通了受害人请求国家赔偿的渠道，更新了国家赔偿的机构建制，完善了国家赔偿程序，在许多方面都有新的发展和突破。其中最为人关注的是此次修改，，确立了行政侵权精神损害赔偿制度，为新《国家赔偿法》的第35条。在此之前，国家赔偿法没有关于精神损害赔偿的条文规定，在实践中，使许多被侵权人的合法权益都得不到保障。更为重要的是，此次修改还提出了精神抚慰金的概念，是精神损害能通过物质补偿得以抚慰，减少精神痛苦。虽然修改后的《国家赔偿法》确立了该制度是一次质的进步，但是其条文规定仍然存在许多问题。例如针对精神抚慰金的适用情形仅规定为“造成严重后果”，何谓严重后果，严重后果包括哪些具体情形，条文并没有规定。再如精神抚慰金的计算规则也没有进行一定标准的规定，在实践中，很难达到不同损害不同赔偿的要求。因此本文主要以我国如何完善新确立的行政侵权行为造成精神损害赔偿的制度为论题，重点为找出条文中的缺陷，并通过比较我国民事侵权精神损害赔偿制度，提出不断完善我国行政侵权精神损害制度，并提出一些可行性措施。精神损害赔偿制度在我国就民事侵权精神损害赔偿制度较为完善，最高人民法院于2001年出台的关于民事侵权精神损害赔偿责任若干问题的解释中对我国民事侵权行为造成的精神损害赔偿进行了比较详细的规定，是我国国家赔偿关于精神损害赔偿制度很好的参照资料。笔者的主要观点为要完善我国行政侵权精神损害制度，应该从赔偿适用范围以及精神抚慰金的相关规定为主要方面。针对赔偿适用范围，笔者认为应该将精神性的人格权益也增加为赔偿的适用情形，例如行政相对人的名誉权、隐私权、姓名权等都规定为防止侵害的对象，对于侵犯该权利的行为应给予赔偿。精神损害抚慰金的适用范围，根据具体情况，将“严重后果”具体化，设定一定的情形，对于符合条件的认定为造成了严重后果；计算规则是本文的重点研究对象，我国计算规则的确立，可参照国外的一些国家或地区相关规定，以及我国民法中有关精神损害赔偿制度的规定，运用综合分析的方法，结合案件本身实际情况，确定一个合理的赔偿数额。
[Abstract]:After five years, the amendments to the State compensation Law, which have been examined four times by the standing Committee of the National people's Congress, have finally been issued. This amendment of the State compensation Law is an important milestone in the construction of the rule of law.The revised "State compensation Law" unblocked the channels for the victims to request state compensation, updated the institutional system of state compensation, improved the state compensation procedures, and made new developments and breakthroughs in many aspects.Among them, the most concerned is the amendment, which establishes the system of compensation for mental damage of administrative tort, which is Article 35 of the new State compensation Law.Before that, the state compensation law did not have the provision on mental damage compensation, in practice, the legitimate rights and interests of many infringed persons could not be protected.More importantly, the amendment also puts forward the concept of mental distress, which can be alleviated by material compensation.Although the amended State compensation Law establishes this system as a qualitative progress, there are still many problems in its provisions.For example, there is no provision for the application of mental comfort money only as "serious consequences", what are serious consequences, and what specific circumstances are included in the serious consequences.For example, the calculation rules of spiritual comfort payment are not regulated by certain standards, and in practice, it is difficult to meet the requirements of different damages and different compensation.Therefore, this paper mainly focuses on how to perfect the newly established system of compensation for mental damage caused by administrative tort in our country, focusing on finding out the defects in the articles, and comparing the system of compensation for mental damage caused by civil tort in our country.This paper proposes to improve the mental damage system of administrative tort in our country, and puts forward some feasible measures.In our country, the system of compensation for spiritual damage is relatively perfect in terms of civil tort compensation for spiritual damage.The Supreme people's Court, in its interpretation of several issues concerning the liability for compensation for mental damage caused by civil tort in 2001, has made more detailed provisions on the compensation for mental damage caused by civil tort in China.It is a good reference material for the system of mental damage compensation in our country.The author's main point of view is to perfect the mental injury system of administrative tort in our country, which should be mainly from the scope of application of compensation and the relevant provisions of mental comfort fund.In view of the scope of application of compensation, the author thinks that the spiritual rights and interests of personality should also be added to the applicable circumstances of compensation, such as the right of reputation, privacy and name right of the administrative counterpart, all of which are defined as the object of prevention of infringement.Compensation should be granted for violations of this right.The scope of application of compensation for mental damage, according to the specific situation, the "serious consequences" specific, set a certain situation, for the eligible for the determination of serious consequences; calculation rules is the focus of this study object,The establishment of calculation rules in China can refer to the relevant provisions of some foreign countries or regions, as well as the provisions of the mental damage compensation system in the civil law of our country, using the method of comprehensive analysis and combining with the actual situation of the case itself.Determine a reasonable amount of compensation.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

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