环境公益诉讼启动主体研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 04:31

本文选题：环境公益诉讼　切入点：启动主体资格　出处：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近几年来,随着国内经济不断的发展伴随的环境问题也越来越严重。为了保护环境相关法律制度必须不断完善。环境公益诉讼是指为了维护环境公共利益,针对侵害环境行为提出的诉讼。我国在2014年《环境保护法》修订时完善了环境公益诉讼制度。但是此项制度在实践并没有发挥应有的作用。启动主体是诉讼的前提,本文主要对环境公益诉讼制度启动主体进行研究。在我国现行法律对环境公益诉讼启动主体规定的基础上,借鉴国外的经验,提出对我国现行启动主体适度扩张的建议,赋予更多主体寻求司法救济的权利,促使更多的主体参与保护环境,承担社会责任。环境公益诉讼启动主体就是在诉讼中成为原告的人。其特征主要是不需要与案件有直接利害关系而且种类多样。环境权理论、诉讼信托理论、公众参与原则都是环境公益诉讼启动主体的理论支撑。我国此项制度无论是法律规定还是实践都有很多不足,启动主体资格的规定不够完善。首先,对于“法律规定的机关”不够明确。其次,社会组织种类单一。最后,没有赋予公民启动主体资格。对权利冲突也没有协调机制。相对来讲国外该项制度比较完善,成功的经验值得我国借鉴。美国用“事实损害说”来确定启动主体资格,我国可借鉴“事实损害说”将我国启动主体资格适当拓宽。印度在诉讼中充分发挥法院的司法能动性来推动诉讼,我国法院在公益诉讼制度中稍显消极。德国明确检察官公益诉讼制度,没有赋予行政机关启动主体资格,我国大部分行政机关没有法律授权但仍然可以进行环境公益诉讼,我国可借鉴德国经验将行政机关在环境公益诉讼主体范围中排除。对环境公益诉讼启动主体的完善笔者主要提出以下建议。第一,将现有环境公益诉讼启动主体适度扩张。国家机关明确只有检察院有权提起公益诉讼,将村民委员会和有利害关系的个人纳入启动主体范围。第二,根据不同情况来确定协调机制解决权利冲突。以权利基础来确定顺位的一般规则,以利于诉讼目的来实现确定权利顺位的特殊规则。有权利就会有滥用权利,在扩张启动主体的同时,也要对相关主体的权利进行实体和程序上的限制。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of domestic economy, environmental problems are becoming more and more serious.In order to protect the environment related legal system must be improved continuously.Environmental public interest litigation is to protect the public interests of the environment, against the action against the environment.Our country perfected the system of environmental public interest litigation when the Environmental Protection Law was revised in 2014.However, this system does not play its due role in practice.Starting subject is the premise of litigation.On the basis of the provisions of the current law of our country on the starting subject of environmental public interest litigation, and drawing on the experience of foreign countries, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the moderate expansion of the current starting subject of our country, and endows more subjects with the right to seek judicial remedy.To promote more subjects to participate in the protection of the environment, to assume social responsibility.The starting subject of environmental public interest litigation is the person who becomes plaintiff in litigation.Its characteristics are that it does not need to have a direct interest in the case and variety.Environmental right theory, litigation trust theory and the principle of public participation are the theoretical support of the starting subject of environmental public interest litigation.There are many deficiencies in this system both in law and practice, and the qualification of starting subject is not perfect enough.First of all, there is a lack of clarity about the "organ prescribed by law".Secondly, the type of social organization is single.Finally, does not give the citizen to initiate the main body qualification.There is also no coordinating mechanism for conflict of rights.Relatively speaking, the foreign system is relatively perfect, the successful experience is worth learning from our country.The United States uses the "fact damage theory" to determine the qualification of the starting subject, and our country can draw lessons from the "fact damage theory" to properly broaden the qualification of the starting subject of our country.India gives full play to the judicial initiative of the court to promote litigation, while the courts of our country show a little negative in the system of public interest litigation.Germany clearly defines the public interest litigation system of public procurators, does not give the administrative organs the qualification to start the subject, most of the administrative organs in our country do not have legal authorization but can still carry out environmental public welfare litigation.Our country may draw lessons from the German experience to exclude the administrative organ from the environmental public interest lawsuit main body scope.The author puts forward the following suggestions to improve the starting subject of environmental public interest litigation.First, the existing environmental public interest litigation to initiate the appropriate expansion of the main body.State organs make it clear that only procuratorates have the right to file public interest litigation and bring villagers' committees and interested individuals into the scope of starting subject.Second, according to different circumstances to determine the coordination mechanism to resolve conflicts of rights.The general rules of determining the order of rights on the basis of rights, and the special rules of determining the order of rights in favor of the purpose of litigation.There will be abuse of the right to expand the subject at the same time, but also the rights of the relevant subject substantive and procedural restrictions.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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