征收制度中公共利益的识别与实现

发布时间：2018-04-11 18:00

本文选题：公共利益 + 界定　；参考：《安徽大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：对公共利益进行明确界定,在理顺物权法律关系,明确各方权利义务,维护社会经济秩序方面,无疑具有极大的意义。我国现行法律体系中多部法律法规,在征收征用等制度中,屡屡提及公共利益概念,但由于公共利益的不确定性,大多未对公共利益这一法律术语进行清晰明确的定义,甚至大部分法律法规对公共利益的确定持以回避的态度,对公共利益的界定和争议解决程序也未涉及,使得公共利益一词成为一个模糊词语。在具体法律实施过程中,公共利益识别的自由裁量权力被滥用,作为强势主体一方的政府部门或者企业利益集团变相垄断公共利益解释的话语权,借此以掠夺私人财产权利,造成真正公共利益的损害,公共利益如何界定和应用成了一个亟待解决的法律议题。本文结合我国征收制度的立法及实践现状,借鉴国外立法中的先进经验,从公共利益的法律特征、界定公共利益的基本原则和公共利益的实现程序三大部分内容进行探讨,力求为增强立法的科学性和法律实施的可操作性提供有益参考。第一部分“公共利益的法律特征”。首先简要概述了公共利益概念的发展历史,得出公共利益概念的发展与社会经济发展密切相关的规律,指出在对公共利益作出判断和解释时,也要切合此种社会发展潮流；其次,通过描述公共利益所具有的特征,来对公共利益作出一个比较明晰的判断和界定,对公共利益的变动性、现实利益性、非营利性、非排他性四大特征作出探讨和解释；最后,将最容易与公共利益相混淆的几个概念,包括国家利益、政府利益、社会利益,分别例举,并试图加以区分,从反面对公共利益概念界定作出补充解释。第二部分“界定公共利益的基本原则”。首先,指出未经法律明确规定的公共利益,即使确有必要,并且理由充分,也不应当自发地在法律上产生影响社会公众的效果,法律法规应对公共利益界定持以积极的态度,同时从我国存在诸多部门法的实际和提高立法效率和降低立法难度的角度出发,建议从部门法角度分别对公共利益进行明确表述；其次,尝试从方法论的站位出发,对公共利益界定中需要把握的几个实质原则作出一些粗浅的分析,提出受益主体普遍性、直接目的公益性、价值选择比例性、界定程序正当性四项原则。第三部分“公共利益的实现程序”。根据公共利益实现的流程,首先探讨公共利益的识别程序,引入利益博弈的机制,对界定程序参加主体、各方主体的权利义务进行探讨；其次,在公共利益的争议解决程序中,就争议解决程序构建之必要性、争议解决程序的构建模式,特别是司法机关在解决争议时应考虑的利益平衡规则进行探讨；最后,从利益补偿角度出发,补偿程序确立之必要性、补偿的标准和方式作了一些粗浅研究。
[Abstract]:It is of great significance to define the public interest clearly, to straighten out the legal relationship of real right, to clarify the rights and obligations of all parties and to maintain the social and economic order.There are many laws and regulations in the current legal system of our country. In the system of expropriation and expropriation, the concept of public interest is often mentioned, but because of the uncertainty of public interest, most of the legal terms of public interest are not clearly defined.Even most laws and regulations hold an evasive attitude towards the determination of public interest, and the definition of public interest and dispute settlement procedures are not involved, which makes the term public interest a vague term.In the process of implementing the specific law, the discretionary power of public interest identification is abused, and the government department or enterprise interest group, which is one of the powerful subjects, monopolizes the right of public interest interpretation in disguise, thereby plundering the private property right.How to define and apply public interest has become an urgent legal issue.Based on the current situation of legislation and practice of expropriation system in China, this paper discusses the basic principles of public interest and the realization procedure of public interest from the legal characteristics of public interest, drawing on the advanced experience of foreign legislation.To provide a useful reference for enhancing the scientific nature of legislation and the maneuverability of law implementation.The first part is the legal characteristics of public interest.First of all, the development history of the concept of public interest is briefly summarized, and the law that the development of the concept of public interest is closely related to the development of social economy is obtained, and it is pointed out that in judging and explaining the public interest, it is also necessary to suit this trend of social development.Secondly, by describing the characteristics of the public interest, to make a relatively clear judgment and definition of the public interest, to explore and explain the four characteristics of the public interest: variability, realistic interest, non-profit, non-exclusive;Finally, several concepts which are easy to be confused with public interest, including national interest, government interest, social interest, are listed respectively, and the author tries to distinguish them and make supplementary explanations to define the concept of public interest from the opposite side.The second part is the basic principle of defining public interest.First of all, it is pointed out that public interest, even if it is indeed necessary and well-founded, should not spontaneously have the effect of affecting the public in law without explicit provisions of the law, and that laws and regulations should adopt a positive attitude towards the definition of public interest,At the same time, from the point of view of the fact that there are many branches of law in our country and improving the efficiency of legislation and reducing the difficulty of legislation, it is suggested that the public interest should be clearly expressed from the angle of branch law. Secondly, this paper tries to set out from the standpoint of methodology.This paper makes a brief analysis of several essential principles in the definition of public interest, and puts forward four principles: the universality of the beneficial subject, the public welfare for the direct purpose, the proportion of the value choice, and the legitimacy of the procedure.The third part is the realization procedure of public interest.According to the process of the realization of public interest, first of all, it discusses the identification procedure of public interest, introduces the mechanism of interest game, discusses the rights and obligations of defining the participants of the procedure and the rights and obligations of the parties; secondly, in the process of resolving disputes in the public interest,This paper discusses the necessity of the construction of the dispute settlement procedure, the construction mode of the dispute settlement procedure, especially the rules of balance of interests that should be considered by the judicial organs in resolving the dispute; finally, from the angle of interest compensation,The necessity of establishing compensation procedure, the standard and method of compensation are studied briefly.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

【参考文献】