我国农村水污染防治法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 18:37

本文选题：农村水环境 + 水污染防治　；参考：《河南大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：农村水污染可能产生的影响是多方面的,不仅会造成对农业生产的基础条件如土壤等的破坏,还会影响农产品的安全,甚至会严重威胁公民的身体健康和生命安全,还会影响新型城镇化建设的进程。近年来,我国的农村水污染防治工作受到来越来越多的关注,但就目前之研究现状来看,我国农村水污染防治法律工作仍然存在一定的问题,需要进行进一步的研究来不断完善我国的农村水污染防治法律制度。因此对我国农村水污染防治法律问题的研究就显得十分的必要和迫切。本文首先运用了文献综述的研究方法,大致地介绍了目前我国农村地区水污染防治工作的现状及面临的难题,对造成农村水污染的几个原因进行比较细致的分类,并且对农村水污染治理必要性进行了分析,如对社会、工农业生产和人体健康造成的危害。其次,简单的最现阶段我国关于农村水污染防治的立法现状进行分析,主要指出了现有的农村水污染防治中存在的若干具体法律问题:首先,现有的《水污染防治法》的立法理念不太符合农村环保工作的现实状况,“城市立法”、“工业立法”的思想浓厚,对农村水污染的防治缺少可操作性的规定,大多数是概括性的规定,致使执法过程往往是无章可循。其次,农村的水环境监督管理机制也存在诸多的问题,水环境管理部门职能不清,出现问题往往会出现互相推诿的现象。再次,现有的“重末端治理,轻源头控制”的传统的污染控制模式不适应现阶段我国面源污染的治理。最后,分析了现阶段我国公众参与原则中存在的问题,主要表现在公众环保意识比较薄弱和环境信息公开制度的不健全。再次,本文还采用了比较分析的研究方法,介绍了美国、欧盟等发达国家在治理农村水污染方面的立法实践以及对我国农村水污染治理的启示,主要包括建立完备的法律法规体系,进一步完善农村的环境监督管理体系,环保部门的分工合作、提高工作的效率以及不断完善公众参与制度。通过对比分析,指出发达国家的成功经验对我国农村水污染防治法律制度有参考价值的完善建议。最后,本部分首先提出了完善农村水污染防治立法体系的建议,包括立法指导思想的转变和法制体系的完善两方面的内容。又针对第二部分提出的我国农村水污染防治法律制度中发现的问题,逐一地总结出完善的建议:一是逐步建立完善的农村水环境的监督机构和管理机构,逐步加强县级和县级以下基层水环境管理机构建设,能够最大限度的发挥各职能部门的职责,使各职能部门都能分工明确、相互配合。二是提出应该从源头控制农村地区的面源污染。三是指出从提高公众环保意识和完善环境信息公开制度两方面丰富我国公众参与制度,从而有效地弥补该制度的不足。四是注重鼓励性和资源性环保政策的运用。
[Abstract]:The possible impacts of water pollution in rural areas are manifold, not only causing damage to the basic conditions of agricultural production, such as soil, but also affecting the safety of agricultural products, and even seriously threatening the health and life safety of citizens.It will also affect the process of new urbanization construction.In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the prevention and control of rural water pollution in our country. However, according to the current research situation, there are still some problems in the legal work of rural water pollution control in China.Further research is needed to improve the legal system of rural water pollution prevention and control in China.Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to study the legal problems of water pollution prevention in rural areas.This paper firstly introduces the current situation and problems of water pollution prevention and control in rural areas of China by using the research method of literature review, and classifies several causes of water pollution in rural areas in detail.The necessity of water pollution control in rural areas is analyzed, such as the harm to society, industry and agriculture and human health.Secondly, this paper analyzes the current situation of legislation on rural water pollution prevention and control in our country, and mainly points out some specific legal problems existing in rural water pollution prevention and control: first of all,The existing legislation idea of "Water pollution Prevention and Control Law" does not accord with the reality of the rural environmental protection work. The idea of "urban legislation" and "industrial legislation" is strong, and the prevention and control of water pollution in rural areas is lack of operational provisions.Most are general provisions, resulting in enforcement processes often without rules to follow.Secondly, there are many problems in the supervision and management mechanism of water environment in rural areas. The functions of water environment management departments are not clear, and the problems often appear the phenomenon of prevarication.Thirdly, the traditional pollution control mode of "heavy end control, light source control" does not adapt to the current treatment of non-point source pollution in China.Finally, the paper analyzes the problems existing in the principle of public participation in our country at present, which are mainly manifested in the weakness of public awareness of environmental protection and the unsound system of environmental information disclosure.Thirdly, this paper also introduces the legislative practice of the United States, the European Union and other developed countries in the treatment of rural water pollution, as well as the enlightenment to the rural water pollution control of our country.It mainly includes the establishment of a complete system of laws and regulations, the further improvement of the rural environmental supervision and management system, the division of work and cooperation between the environmental protection departments, the improvement of the efficiency of work and the continuous improvement of the system of public participation.Through comparison and analysis, it is pointed out that the successful experiences of developed countries have reference value to the legal system of rural water pollution prevention and control in China.Finally, this part first puts forward the suggestions to perfect the rural water pollution prevention and control legislative system, including the change of the legislative guiding ideology and the perfection of the legal system.In view of the problems found in the legal system of rural water pollution prevention and control in the second part, the author sums up the following suggestions one by one: one is to gradually establish the perfect supervision and management institutions of the rural water environment,Gradually strengthen the construction of water environmental management institutions at the county level and below the county level, can maximize the role of the various functional departments, so that each functional department can be clearly divided and cooperate with each other.Second, we should control the non-point source pollution in rural areas from the source.Thirdly, it is pointed out that the system of public participation is enriched from two aspects: raising public awareness of environmental protection and perfecting the system of environmental information disclosure, so as to effectively make up for the deficiencies of the system.Fourth, pay attention to the use of encouraging and resource environmental protection policies.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.68

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