我国海岸带环境保护执法机制研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 08:33

本文选题：海岸带 + 环境保护　；参考：《上海海洋大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：海岸带环境保护执法对于区域甚至全国的经济和社会发展都至关重要,执法机制是否科学合理则决定着执法的成败。海岸带环境保护执法机制是指包含了海岸带环境保护执法法律依据、执法机构、执法手段和执法监督等的有机体和各部分联动的执法过程,在这个机制下,海岸带环境保护行政部门(或/和在相关社会主体和公众参与下)通过执行有关海岸带环境保护的法律,运用行政控制、经济调节等多种手段,直接影响海岸带管理相对人的权利和义务,以及对相对人是否正当行使权利和履行义务的情况进行监督检查的行为。这个机制是开放的,它需要外部力量的积极支持和保障,如社会公众对执法机构及其行为的监督,再如刑事司法保障手段的必要介入。本文汲取和部分借用治理理论、环境库兹涅茨曲线和行政执法理论的核心观点和分析框架,试图在呈现我国的海岸带环境保护执法机制的基础上,指出其存在的问题并分析原因,结合美国的相关经验,基于相关政策、法律描画的图景,提出完善我国海岸带环境保护执法机制的建议。本文的主体分为三大部分:第一部分是展现我国海岸带环境保护执法机制的现状、指出其存在的问题并分析导致问题的原因,从执法法律依据、执法机构设置、执法手段和执法监督等执法机制的主要要素得知我国海岸带环保执法机制执法法律依据初成体系、执法机构层级数目众多、执法手段形成行政主导、监督以上级对下级为主的基本现状,发现其存在综合立法缺失与法律的空白重叠并存的矛盾、机构分工不明与协调机制失灵、执法手段单一与执法力度不足、监督途径不畅与公众参与缺乏的问题,问题的根由在于我国海岸带环境保护立法缺乏科学顶层设计、机构设置缺乏合理性和明确定位、执法手段重行政轻其他和公众监督缺乏制度保障。第二部分是分析借鉴美国海岸带环境保护执法机制的经验,发现美国海岸带管理立法综合全面,海岸带环境保护执法机构分工明确、协调高效,它的行政控制、经济调节等执法手段多样并能被很好地综合运用,并且公众参与广泛、监督途径多样且畅通。第三部分提出了完善我国海岸带环境保护执法机制的政策建议,政策建议如下:进行综合立法以统筹环境保护,优化机构设置以促进高效运转,强化执法手段以加大执法力度,拓宽监督渠道以提升执法效能。
[Abstract]:Coastal environmental protection law enforcement is very important to the economic and social development of the region and even the whole country. Whether the law enforcement mechanism is scientific or reasonable or not determines the success or failure of law enforcement.The law enforcement mechanism of coastal zone environmental protection refers to the coordinated law enforcement process involving the legal basis of coastal zone environmental protection law enforcement, law enforcement agencies, law enforcement means and law enforcement supervision, etc. Under this mechanism,The administrative department of coastal zone environmental protection (or with the participation of relevant social subjects and the public) applies administrative control, economic regulation and other means through the implementation of laws relating to coastal zone environmental protection,It directly affects the rights and obligations of the relative person in the coastal zone management, as well as the supervision and inspection of whether the relative person exercises the right and the performance of the obligation properly.This mechanism is open, and it needs the active support and protection of external forces, such as the supervision of law enforcement agencies and their actions by the public, and the necessary intervention of criminal judicial safeguards.This paper draws on and partly borrows the core viewpoints and analytical framework of governance theory, environmental Kuznets curve and administrative law enforcement theory, and attempts to present the mechanism of coastal environmental protection law enforcement on the basis of presenting our country's coastal zone environmental protection law enforcement mechanism.This paper points out the existing problems and analyzes the reasons, combined with the relevant experience of the United States, based on the relevant policies and legal picture, puts forward some suggestions to improve the enforcement mechanism of coastal environmental protection in China.The main body of this paper is divided into three parts: the first part is to show the current situation of our coastal environmental protection law enforcement mechanism, point out its existing problems and analyze the causes of the problems, from the law enforcement legal basis, law enforcement agencies set,The main elements of the law enforcement mechanism, such as law enforcement means and law enforcement supervision, know that the legal basis for law enforcement of environmental protection law enforcement mechanisms in the coastal zone of China is in its infancy, the number of law enforcement agencies is numerous, and the law enforcement means form an administrative leading role.It is found that there are contradictions between the absence of comprehensive legislation and the overlapping of laws, the unclear division of labor and the failure of the coordination mechanism, the singleness of law enforcement means and the insufficiency of law enforcement.The causes of this problem are the lack of scientific top-level design of the coastal zone environmental protection legislation, the lack of rationality and clear positioning of the institutional setting, the lack of supervision channels and the lack of public participation, and the lack of scientific top-level design of the coastal environmental protection legislation in China.Law enforcement means put more emphasis on administration than others and lack of system guarantee for public supervision.The second part is to analyze and draw lessons from the experience of the coastal zone environmental protection law enforcement mechanism of the United States, and find that the coastal zone management legislation is comprehensive and comprehensive, the division of labor, coordination and efficiency of the coastal zone environmental protection law enforcement agencies is clear, and its administrative control.The law enforcement means such as economic regulation are various and can be used comprehensively, and the public participation is extensive, and the ways of supervision are various and smooth.The third part puts forward the policy recommendations of perfecting the enforcement mechanism of coastal environmental protection in China. The policy recommendations are as follows: carrying out comprehensive legislation to coordinate environmental protection, optimizing the setting of institutions to promote efficient operation, strengthening law enforcement means to strengthen law enforcement.Broaden the supervision channels to enhance the effectiveness of law enforcement.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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