由涉核项目引发的邻避现象的法律研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 15:27

本文选题：涉核项目 + 邻避现象　；参考：《法学杂志》2017年06期

【摘要】：为优化能源结构,改善环境污染现象,我国大力发展核工业,建设涉核项目。由于涉核项目具有潜在的放射性与危险性,其选址与建设总会引起周边居民的不满与恐慌,从而产生邻避现象。本文从连云港市民联合抵制乏燃料后处理厂的邻避事件出发,以法律角度挖掘此类公共事件发生的原因,即,未给予"邻避居民"充分的知情权与话语权,缺乏宣传教育,未建立"邻避居民"补偿机制以及公众求偿机制不够完善。因此,本文结合现行立法以及即将出台的《核安全法》(草案),提出防控此类公共事件的法律手段,建议政府相关部门以及涉核项目营运者要坚持涉核项目选址与建设决策的科学化和民主化;建立核设施周边居民经济补偿机制;利用我国现有核损害责任保险及财务保证制度,建立核风险转移机制,从而在降低涉核项目产生放射性危害可能性的同时,减弱周边民众容易产生的焦虑抵触情绪。
[Abstract]:In order to optimize the energy structure and improve the environmental pollution, our country vigorously develops the nuclear industry and builds the nuclear-related projects.Because of the potential radioactivity and danger, the site selection and construction always cause discontent and panic among the surrounding residents, thus causing the phenomenon of neighborhood avoidance.From the view of the residents of Lianyungang boycotting the neighboring events of the spent fuel reprocessing plant, this paper explores the causes of this kind of public events from the legal point of view, that is, the lack of adequate right to know and the right to speak, and the lack of publicity and education.The compensation mechanism and the public claim mechanism are not perfect.Therefore, combined with the existing legislation and the upcoming Nuclear Safety Law (draft), this paper proposes legal means to prevent and control such public incidents.It is suggested that relevant government departments and operators of nuclear-related projects should adhere to the scientific and democratic decision-making on siting and construction of nuclear-related projects; establish economic compensation mechanisms for residents around nuclear facilities; and make use of the existing nuclear damage liability insurance and financial assurance system in China.The mechanism of nuclear risk transfer is established to reduce the possibility of radioactive damage caused by nuclear-related projects and to reduce the anxiety and resistance easily generated by the people around them at the same time.
【作者单位】：哈尔滨工程大学人文社会科学学院;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目资助(项目编号:HEUCFZ1610)
【分类号】：D922.6

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