环境质量标准的侵权法适用研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 02:06

本文选题：环境质量标准 + 污染物排放标准　；参考：《中国法学》2017年01期

【摘要】：环境质量标准是界定环境是否受到某种污染的各类限值,离开一定的环境质量标准,环境是否受到污染在大多数情况下将难以判断。在存在环境质量标准且其自身的合法性和合理性未受质疑的前提下,应当承认环境质量标准在侵权法上界定是否存在污染的效力,从而承认被告的合规抗辩。如果环境中的特定污染物没有超过环境质量标准规定的限值,无论排污者排放的污染物是否超过了污染物排放标准,排污者都不应承担环境污染侵权责任。如果环境中的特定污染物超过了环境质量标准规定的限值,该污染物系排污者的排放所致,且能够认定污染物与损害结果之间存在因果关系,则排污者应当承担环境污染侵权责任。当不同地方的环境质量标准对同一污染物限值的规定不一致时,应当以更加严格的环境质量标准为进一步判断人身损害因果关系是否存在的"门槛":当污染物超过更加严格的环境质量标准限值时,则进入判断因果关系的程序,否则,排污者不承担环境污染侵权责任。环境质量标准是判断环境侵权因果关系是否具备相当性的合理界限,从而也是利益是否受侵权法保护的边界。
[Abstract]:Environmental quality standard is a kind of limit value that defines whether the environment is polluted or not. It is difficult to judge whether the environment is polluted or not without a certain environmental quality standard. On the premise that there is an environmental quality standard and its legitimacy and rationality are not questioned, it should be recognized that the environmental quality standard has the effect of defining whether there is pollution in the tort law, and thus the defendant's compliance defense should be recognized. If the specific pollutant in the environment does not exceed the limit stipulated by the environmental quality standard, no matter whether the pollutant discharged by the polluter exceeds the pollutant discharge standard, the polluter shall not be liable for environmental pollution infringement. If a particular pollutant in the environment exceeds the limit specified in the environmental quality standard, the pollutant is due to the discharge of the polluter and the causal relationship between the pollutant and the result of the damage can be determined, The polluter shall bear the tort liability for environmental pollution. When the environmental quality standards in different places do not agree with the limits of the same pollutant, Stricter environmental quality standards should be used as the "threshold" to further determine the existence of causality of personal injury: when pollutants exceed the limits of more stringent environmental quality standards, the procedure for determining causality should be entered, otherwise, Polluters are not liable for environmental pollution infringement. The standard of environmental quality is the reasonable limit to judge whether the causality of environmental tort is adequate, and thus the boundary of whether the interests are protected by tort law.
【作者单位】：南京大学法学院;
【基金】：江苏省社会科学基金项目《江苏省循环经济地方立法研究》(项目批准号:13FXC011)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D922.68

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