机动车强制责任保险中第三人直接请求权的制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 09:34

本文选题：机动车强制责任保险 + 第三人　；参考：《大连海事大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在机动车交通事故频频发生的现代社会里,机动车强制责任保险对于保障因机动车交通事故而遭致损害的受害人的合法利益以及促进交通安全方面都具有重要意义。目前,全世界85%以上的国家和地区已经设立并且施行了机动车强制责任保险制度。明确赋予机动车强制责任保险中第三人的直接请求权是确保受害人及时获得保险金的设立目的的直接体现。我国的机动车强制责任保险制度以《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》与《机动车交通事故责任强制保险条例》为支撑,已经于几年前初步建立,但是因为保险法发展的滞后以及司法实践经验的缺乏,我国的机动车强制责任保险制度的设计仍然存在缺陷,其中第三人范围规定不当最为显著。以保护受害人的合法利益为立足点和出发点,本文分为五部分,对我国机动车强制责任保险制度存在的问题以及如何完善进行论述,如下：第一部分是对机动车强制责任保险进行界定。明确机动车强制责任保险的基本概念,并对机动车强制责任保险的特征进行归纳。为了更加明晰机动车强制责任保险的鲜明特征,本文还对机动车强制责任保险与机动车商业责任保险进行了比较。第二部分是主要论述机动车强制责任保险中的“第三人”。先从第三人的概念入手,再探讨第三人的法律地位以及范围,最后对第三人取得直接请求权的法律依据和基础理论进行研究。第三部分主要探讨我国机动车强制责任保险中的第三人直接请求权如何行使的问题。通过对机动车强制责任保险中第三人直接请求权行使的条件、行使的内容以及行使的限制的论述,以此来探究我国机动车强制责任保险中的第三人直接请求权制度设立的不足与缺陷。第四部分主要介绍其他国家和地区关于机动车强制责任保险中的第三人直接请求权的具体规定,主要包括英美法系的英国、美国和大陆法系的法国、德国、日本以及我国台湾地区。通过介绍上述国家和地区的有益经验,弥补我国机动车强制责任保险中的第三人直接请求权规定的不足。第五部分主要根据我国现行法律的明文规定和司法实践经验,借鉴他国和地区的有关做法,对机动车强制责任保险中第三人直接请求权规定进行完善。首先完善强制投保机动车强制责任保险的规定,确保机动车强制责任保险的全面覆盖。适当扩大机动车强制责任保险中的第三人的范围,将无权使用人列入机动车强制责任保险的被保险人的范围,对机动车强制责任保险中的第三人直接请求权的内容进行完善,最后对构建机动车强制责任保险中的第三人直接请求权配套制度提出具体建议。
[Abstract]:In the modern society where motor vehicle traffic accidents occur frequently, the compulsory liability insurance of motor vehicles plays an important role in protecting the legitimate interests of the victims who have been injured by motor vehicle traffic accidents and in promoting traffic safety. At present, more than 85% countries and regions in the world have established and implemented compulsory liability insurance system for motor vehicles. The direct claim of the third party in motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance is the direct embodiment of the purpose of ensuring the victim to get the insurance money in time. The compulsory liability insurance system for motor vehicles in China, supported by the Road Traffic Safety Law of the people's Republic of China and the regulations on compulsory Insurance for Motor vehicle Traffic Accidents, was initially established a few years ago. However, due to the lag of the development of insurance law and the lack of judicial practical experience, the design of compulsory liability insurance system for motor vehicles in China is still flawed, among which the improper regulation of the scope of the third party is the most obvious. In order to protect the legitimate interests of the victims as the foothold and starting point, this paper is divided into five parts, the problems of China's motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance system and how to improve it are discussed. The first part is the definition of compulsory liability insurance for motor vehicles. Make clear the basic concept of motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance, and summarize the characteristics of motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance. In order to better understand the distinct characteristics of motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance, this paper also compares motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance with motor vehicle commercial liability insurance. The second part mainly discusses the third party in motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance. This paper begins with the concept of the third party, then discusses the legal status and scope of the third party, and finally studies the legal basis and basic theory of the third party to obtain the right of direct claim. The third part mainly discusses how to exercise the third party's direct claim in motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance. This paper discusses the conditions, contents and restrictions of the exercise of the third party's right of direct claim in motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance. In order to explore our motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance in the establishment of the third party direct claim system deficiencies and defects. The fourth part mainly introduces the specific provisions of other countries and regions on the right of direct claim of the third party in motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance, mainly including the United Kingdom, the United States and France, Germany, the United States and the continental law system. Japan and Taiwan. By introducing the beneficial experiences of the above countries and regions, this paper makes up for the deficiency of the direct claim right of the third party in the motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance in our country. The fifth part mainly according to the current law of our country and judicial practice experience, learn from the relevant practices of other countries and regions, motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance in the direct claim of the third party to improve the provisions. First of all, improve the compulsory motor vehicle liability insurance provisions to ensure the full coverage of motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance. Appropriate expansion of the scope of the third party in motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance, the inclusion of unauthorized users in the scope of the insured in motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance, and the perfection of the content of the direct claim of the third party in motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance, At last, some suggestions are put forward to construct the matching system of the third party's direct claim in motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.14

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