公共设施致害的国家赔偿问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 10:02

本文选题：全共设施 + 公共设施致害　；参考：《内蒙古大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,公共设施致害案件频发,致使公共设施致害走入公众视野,公共设施的安全状况也成为了万众瞩目的焦点。公共设施的全面发展,为政府实现行政职能管理社会公共事务发挥着不可小觑的作用。与此同时,伴随着社会经济的突飞猛进,科技高速前行,政府输出的公共设施“产品”安全性如何,作为公众考量政府职能的重要标准之一。事实上,公共设施致害问题已经不是一个“年轻”的问题。早在20世纪80年代就有诸多学者著书研究,系统探究此问题。而真正引发我国政府和公众广泛关注,是我国近年来出现了多起公共设施致害案件。如2011年7月23日晚,由北京开往福州的动车行至温州发生相撞事故的“动车相撞事件”。2012年8月24日,哈尔滨阳明滩大桥发生坍塌的“哈尔滨大桥坍塌事件”。2012年9月13日,湖北省武汉市一住宅小区电梯有30层的“电梯坠落事件”等,都是公共设施致害的典型案件。公共设施致害案件频发,但目前我国法律没有明确规定公共设施致害的赔偿问题。公共设施致害问题没有纳入《国家赔偿法》。在我国目前的司法实践当中,有一部分符合民事侵权构成的案件则按照《民法通则》或《侵权责任法》相关条文解决。但仍不能改变我国公共设施致害立法空白局面。这既不符合我国依法治国的理念,也不利于受害人的自身救济。因此,笔者将通过比较目前我国立法现状和国外典型国家关于公共设施致害的立法现状,深入分析将公共设施致害的纳入我国国家赔偿体系的必要性和可行性,总结适合我国国情的公共设施概念、归纳公共设施致害的归责原则。通过分析公共设施致害的国家赔偿构成要件,结合公共设施致害构成要件的特殊性,确立构建公共设施致害的国家赔偿体系及体系的具体内容。
[Abstract]:In recent years, public facilities harm cases occur frequently, leading to public facilities harm into the public view, public facilities security situation has become the focus of attention. The overall development of public facilities plays an important role in the administration of social public affairs. At the same time, with the rapid development of social economy and the rapid advance of science and technology, the safety of public facilities exported by the government is regarded as one of the important standards for the public to consider the functions of the government. In fact, the problem of damage to public facilities is no longer a "young" problem. As early as the 1980 s, many scholars wrote books to study this problem. And the real cause of our government and public attention is that in recent years, there have been a number of public facilities damage cases. For example, on the evening of July 23, 2011, there was a "bullet train crash" from Beijing to Fuzhou to Wenzhou. On August 24, 2012, the Harbin Yangmingtan Bridge collapsed "Harbin Bridge collapse." on September 13, 2012, The elevator of a residential district in Wuhan, Hubei Province, has 30 stories of "elevator fall", which is a typical case of public facilities. Public facilities damage cases occur frequently, but there is no clear stipulation on the compensation of public facilities damage in our country at present. The problem of harm caused by public facilities is not included in the State compensation Law. In our country's current judicial practice, some cases which accord with the constitution of civil tort are settled according to the relevant articles of the General principles of Civil Law or the Tort liability Law. But still can not change our country public facilities harm legislation blank situation. This is not in line with the concept of governing the country according to law, and is not conducive to the victim's own relief. Therefore, the author will analyze the necessity and feasibility of bringing the damage caused by public facilities into the national compensation system by comparing the present legislative situation of our country with that of the typical countries abroad. This paper summarizes the concept of public facilities suitable for China's national conditions, and concludes the principles of liability for damage caused by public facilities. By analyzing the elements of national compensation for public facilities damage and combining the particularity of public facilities damage elements, the paper establishes the concrete content of constructing the national compensation system and system of public facilities damage.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

【共引文献】