中国湿地保护立法的现状、问题与完善对策

发布时间：2018-05-19 04:43

本文选题：湿地保护 + 立法　；参考：《资源科学》2017年04期

【摘要】：湿地具有重要的生态价值,在中国具有重要的生态地位,然而现有研究中对中国湿地保护立法进行整体、系统和深入分析的成果尚不多见,为此,从立法角度研究中国有关湿地保护的规定、问题及对策具有重要的现实意义。回顾中国湿地保护相关的立法及政策,相继经历了1992年中国加入湿地公约以前为谋取经济利益保护湿地生物资源立法时期,1992年加入湿地公约以后至2012年"十八大"前逐步认识湿地生态价值采取就地保护湿地的立法时期,以及"十八大"以来至今将湿地作为环境要素独立保护的立法时期。就当前中国有关湿地保护的立法而言,有关湿地保护规定的数量虽然多,却存在诸多不足,集中表现为:相关规定目标定位偏离、内容零散化、缺乏操作性;湿地保护的专门规定法律位阶过低;湿地的定义和范围界定混乱;有关湿地保护及利用的规定严重滞后。本质上讲,上述问题的产生源于专门和可操作的湿地保护法规缺位。由此,亟待完善湿地保护的相关立法,这些措施主要包括:以颁布《湿地保护条例》等专门法规为核心寻求突破;对涉及湿地保护利用的现有法规与政策规定进行系统评估和清理;完善与湿地保护相适应的配套机制和运行体制。
[Abstract]:Wetland has important ecological value and important ecological status in China. However, there are few achievements of systematic and in-depth analysis on the legislation of wetland protection in China. It is of great practical significance to study the regulations, problems and countermeasures of wetland protection in China from the angle of legislation. Recalling the relevant legislation and policies on wetland protection in China, Before China joined the Convention on Wetlands in 1992, the legislation period of wetland biological resources protection for economic benefit was obtained before China joined the Wetlands Convention in 1992. After joining the Wetland Convention in 1992, the ecological value of wetland was gradually recognized before the 18th National Congress of the National Congress of Wetlands in 2012. The legislative period of wetland conservation, And since the 18th National Congress, wetland has been regarded as the independent protection of environmental elements in the legislative period. As far as the current legislation on wetland protection in China is concerned, although there are a lot of regulations on wetland protection, there are many shortcomings, such as the deviation of the target orientation of the relevant provisions, the scattered content and the lack of maneuverability; The special regulations of wetland protection are too low, the definition and scope of wetland are confused, and the regulations on wetland protection and utilization lag behind seriously. In essence, these problems arise from the absence of specific and operational wetland protection laws. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the relevant legislation of wetland protection. These measures mainly include: to issue "regulations on wetland protection" and other special laws as the core to seek a breakthrough; The existing regulations and policies related to wetland conservation and utilization are systematically evaluated and cleaned up, and the supporting mechanism and operation system suitable for wetland protection are improved.
【作者单位】：北京大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目(12AZD062)
【分类号】：D922.6

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