残疾人劳动就业权的法律保护制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 09:48

本文选题：残疾人 + 劳动就业权　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：根据《中华人民共和国残疾人保障法》的规定，残疾人是指在心理、生理、人体结构，某种组织功能丧失或者不正常，全部或者部分丧失以正常方式从事某种活动能力的人。残疾人的劳动就业权，即残疾人在劳动就业过程中依法享有的权利，包括平等就业和自主择业、获得劳动报酬和劳动安全卫生保护，接受相关社会保险以及特别的扶持、优惠和保护的权利。残疾人实现劳动就业，是其融入社会生活，，实现自身人生价值的前提和基础。但是，由于残疾人在生理上或者精神上的障碍，使他们在劳动就业领域中处于十分不利的地位，改革开放以来，我国残疾人的就业状况虽然得到了不断改善与进步，但残疾人的就业形势不容乐观。根据最新统计数据，截至2010年末，尚有800多万达到劳动年龄，有劳动能力的残疾人未能实现就业，在失业率方面，残疾人的失业率也远高于普通人。造成残疾人就业问题的原因是多方面的，从总体而言，主要包括残疾人自身存在的因素、社会因素与法律因素三大方面。首先，残疾人的个人因素主要是由残疾人自身存在的缺陷等原因所导致的。残疾人的残疾类别、残疾程度、居住区域等都会对残疾人的就业产生影响。此外，他们往往存在工作能力较差、工作效率较低等问题，提高了用人单位的用工成本；其次，社会因素主要包括社会歧视与排斥、政府部门和国有企业等用人单位未能起到示范作用等方面；最后，法律因素主要是法律与政策存在的缺陷，主要的缺陷是某些规定不合理。另外，还存在相关规定过于笼统或者陈旧、强制力不足的问题。这些问题具体体现在残疾人的评定标准、集中就业、按比例就业、个体就业等多个方面。法律上的缺陷是导致社会因素产生的极其重要的原因之一，同时不利于残疾人个人的身心康复。因此，法律因素是导致残疾人劳动就业权得不到有效保护的关键因素。因此，应当针对问题的成因，探索解决的途径。在研究和借鉴国外解决相关问题的经验的基础上，立足于我国的实际，健全与完善相关的法律制度。第一，在残疾人评定标准和程序方面，应当对我国残疾人的等级评定的内容和标准进行修订，使之更为合理，同时应当对残疾人的评定程序进行规范。第二，在集中就业方面，应当加大对相关企业的扶持力度，在资金、人才、技术、税收等领域给予其更多的优惠与支持。第三，在按比例就业方面，主要包括改革比例的计算方式，规范残保金的征收和使用等。第四，在个体就业方面，主要是加大对相关人员的优惠，提高其参保比例等。第五，在残疾人的职业培训、法律援助等方面，也应当进行相应的健全和完善，从而为残疾人劳动就业权的实现打下坚实基础。
[Abstract]:According to the Law of the people's Republic of China on the Protection of Persons with Disabilities, a disabled person refers to a person who loses or is abnormal in psychological, physical, human structure, certain organizational functions, or all or part of a person's ability to engage in certain activities in a normal manner. The right of persons with disabilities to work for employment, that is, the right of persons with disabilities to work in accordance with the law in the process of employment, including equal employment and independent choice of employment, access to remuneration for work and protection of labour safety and health, access to relevant social insurance and special support, Preferential and protective rights Employment of disabled people is the premise and foundation of their integration into social life and realization of their own life value. However, due to the physical or mental handicaps of the disabled, they are in a very disadvantageous position in the field of labor and employment. Since the reform and opening up, the employment situation of the disabled in China has been continuously improved and improved. But the employment situation of the disabled is not optimistic. According to the latest statistics, by the end of 2010, there were still more than 8 million people of working age who could not find employment, and the unemployment rate of persons with disabilities was far higher than that of ordinary people. There are many reasons for the employment of the disabled. In general, it includes the factors of the disabled's own existence, the social factors and the legal factors. First of all, the personal factors of the disabled are mainly caused by their own defects. The type of disability, the degree of disability, and the area of residence all have an impact on the employment of persons with disabilities. In addition, they often have problems such as poor working ability and low work efficiency, which increase the cost of employment of employers. Secondly, social factors mainly include social discrimination and exclusion. Finally, the legal factors are mainly the defects of laws and policies, and the main defects are some unreasonable provisions. In addition, there are related provisions too general or obsolete, the problem of lack of force. These problems are embodied in the evaluation standard of the disabled, concentrated employment, proportional employment, individual employment and so on. Legal defects are one of the most important reasons for social factors, and are not conducive to the physical and psychological recovery of disabled persons. Therefore, the legal factor is the key factor that leads to the disabled people's right to employment can not be effectively protected. Therefore, we should aim at the causes of the problem and explore the ways to solve it. On the basis of studying and drawing lessons from the experience of foreign countries to solve the related problems, based on the reality of our country, we should perfect and perfect the relevant legal system. First, in the aspect of the evaluation standard and procedure of the disabled, the content and standard of the rating of the disabled in China should be revised to make it more reasonable, and the evaluation procedure of the disabled should be standardized. Second, in the aspect of concentrated employment, we should increase the support to the related enterprises and give them more preferential treatment and support in the fields of capital, talent, technology, taxation and so on. Third, in the aspect of proportional employment, it mainly includes reforming the calculation method of proportion and standardizing the levy and use of residual pension. Fourth, in the aspect of individual employment, it mainly increases the preferential treatment to the related personnel, raises its participation insurance ratio and so on. Fifth, in terms of vocational training and legal aid for the disabled, it is necessary to improve and improve accordingly, so as to lay a solid foundation for the realization of the right to employment of the disabled.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.182.3;D922.284

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