央地事权划分的法治思考

发布时间：2018-06-09 12:43

本文选题：事权 + 事权划分　；参考：《南京工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：央地关系是与国家统一、政治发展、经济进步的大局密切相关。而事权配置又是处理央地关系中最为复杂的问题，所以，事权在央地之间的划分极为重要，但我国却始终未能得到充分的研究和探讨。本文主要分为三个部分：第一部分，主要介绍央地事权划分的基本范畴。学界目前对于事权的概念没有基本的统一标准，在外延和解释的角度上更是莫衷一是。所以笔者先从语意角度分析事权概念，将事权与财权、支出责任之间的关系做比较研究，得出笔者对事权概念的界定，即一国内不同级别（中央与地方各级）、不同类型（中央与一般地方、民族自治区以及特别行政区等）区域所拥有的公共权力和所应履行的公共服务职责。第二部分，主要讨论两个问题，即关于我国当前央地事权配置的现状以及存在的主要问题及原因分析。笔者首先通过现行的规范性条文，总结出我国目前主要的中央事权、地方事权及央地共享事权的主要内容，然后在此基础上对我国央地事权划分的现状及存在的问题进行分析，分别是：定位不准确（政府“越位”、“缺位”现象时常发生）、配置不合理（央地事权交叉重叠、机构设置不合理）、法律不具体（宪法等相关法律只有几条央地事权划分的原则性规定，无实践操作性）。而导致上述一系列问题的原因，笔者认为主要有如下几点：权力配置缺乏相应的配套立法，央地权力配置方式行政化；央地事权划分界线不清，同构性严重；央地事权划分没有统一的划分原则；事权与支出责任不适应；缺乏有效的问责机制和监督机制。第三部分，主要根据上述问题提出笔者关于央地事权划分法治化的几点思考。第一，明确央地事权的基本划分原则，主要有：兼顾中央与地方两个积极性原则；统一性与灵活性相结合原则；法制原则；权力制约原则。第二，健全央地事权划分的法律体系，主要从事权宪定和制定《中央与地方关系法》两方面出发。第三，建立事权与支出责任相适应制度，提高支出责任重心，，进一步合理划分政府间支出责任范围，与事权划分相匹配，避免出现“讨价还价”式的央地关系。
[Abstract]:The relationship between central and local areas is closely related to the overall situation of national unification, political development and economic progress. The allocation of administrative power is the most complex problem in dealing with the relationship between central and local authorities. Therefore, the division of administrative power between central areas is extremely important, but our country has never been fully studied and discussed. This paper is mainly divided into three parts: the first part, This paper mainly introduces the basic category of the division of central and local administrative power. At present, there is no basic unified standard for the concept of power in academic circles, and there is no agreement on extension and interpretation. Therefore, the author first analyzes the concept of matter power from the semantic point of view, makes a comparative study of the relationship between the right of affairs, financial power and expenditure responsibility, and draws the definition of the concept of the right of affairs. That is, the public power and public service duties to be performed by different levels of a country (central and local levels, different types of regions (central and general local, autonomous regions and special administrative regions, etc.). This paper mainly discusses two problems, that is, the present situation, the main problems and the reasons of the allocation of the administrative power of the central government in China. Firstly, the author summarizes the main contents of the main central, local and shared administrative powers through the current normative provisions, and then analyzes the present situation and existing problems of the division of the central and local administrative powers in China. The difference is that the position is not accurate (the government "offside", "absence" phenomenon often occurs, the allocation is not reasonable (the central authority overlapping, The establishment of the organization is unreasonable and the law is not specific. (the constitution and other related laws have only a few rules of principle for the division of the central and local administrative powers, and there is no practical operation. The reasons leading to the above problems are as follows: the lack of corresponding supporting legislation for power allocation, the administration of central power allocation, the unclear division of power between central and local authorities, and the serious isomorphism; There is no unified principle for the division of administrative power between central and local areas; the administrative power and expenditure responsibility are not suitable; there is a lack of effective accountability mechanism and supervision mechanism. The third part, based on the above problems, puts forward some thoughts on the legalization of the division of administrative power between central and local authorities. First, it is clear that the basic division principle of the central and local administration power, including: the central and local two principles of enthusiasm; unity and flexibility of the combination of the principle; the principle of legal system; the principle of power restriction. Second, perfecting the legal system of the division of the central and local administrative powers, mainly from the two aspects of constitutional power and the formulation of the Central and Local Relations Law. Thirdly, it is necessary to establish a suitable system between administrative power and expenditure responsibility, to improve the focus of expenditure responsibility, to further rationally divide the scope of intergovernmental expenditure responsibility, to match with the division of administrative power, and to avoid the "bargaining" relationship between central and local areas.
【学位授予单位】：南京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

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