食品安全可追溯法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 19:53

本文选题：食品安全问题 + 食品可追溯制度　；参考：《青海民族大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的发展和人们健康意识的增强,社会公众对食品安全和健康提出了更高的要求。频繁发生的食品安全问题,造成了巨大的社会损害,牵动着人们的神经,使人们更加关注食品消费安全,关注食品健康,关注食品监管问题。食品生产经营者是食品信息的提供者,消费者是被动接受者,两者间存在信息不对称,而食品信息不对称是造成巨大食品安全损害的重要原因。食品可追溯是指食品生产流通全程食品信息的共享。食品安全追溯法律制度的构建实施是解决食品信息不对称问题的关键,通过对追溯主体权利义务、追溯标准、追溯方式、追溯内容等的规定,保障食品安全信息的传递、共享,明确责任主体,防止损失扩大,改善食品安全问题,提高食品质量。近年来,我国在很多地区和领域进行了食品安全追溯试点,建立了一些国家级和地区级的追溯体系。2015年新修《食品安全法》也对食品安全追溯制度做出了明确规定,使该制度正式以国家法律的形式确定下来。但是,我国的食品安全追溯制度起步晚、发展慢,仍在初步建设阶段,存在一系列制度缺陷,这些都制约了食品可追溯的实现。欧美日等发达国家不仅重视食品安全问题,也清楚地认识到了食品安全可追溯制度在解决食品危害事件中的作用,并结合本国食品行业发展现状,构建了相对完善的食品安全追溯制度。本文通过讨论食品安全可追溯法律制度的理论基础,分析了可追溯制度的相关概念和功能,结合了风险控制、信息不对称、外部性理论三个理论来源,探索了该制度在我国存在的必要性、可行性,针对我国食品安全追溯制度存在的缺陷及制度完善的障碍,提出制度完善的具体措施。我国现阶段的食品安全追溯制度存在覆盖面狭窄、参与主体权利义务规定不明确、制度发展不平衡、缺乏强有力的处罚措施和完善的配套制度、溯源信息难以共享、社会监督力量参与不足等制度缺陷。通过分析食品安全可追溯制度在我国发展现状,分析在食品安全追溯法律中对食品监管部门、食品生产经营者、消费者等主体的规定和各自在食品安全追溯中发挥作用的现实状况,借鉴欧盟、日本、美国等发达国家在完善实施食品安全追溯制度中与我国食品行业契合的先进经验,结合我国食品行业发展现状、食品危害事件发生特点等基本国情提出了具体化的建议。完善我国食品安全追溯制度需要构建中国模式的混合型的可追溯制度,对不同品种、不同地区、不同规模生产经营者实行不同的可追溯制度,扩大食品安全追溯制度的覆盖面,调动生产经营者参与积极性,强化制度实施效果;完善食品安全追溯的社会监管机制,加强社会监督,形成食品安全社会共治的格局;明确食品生产经营者、食品监管部门等追溯主体违反追溯义务的法定责任,督促生产经营者全面履行追溯义务,监管部门积极履行监管职责;建设统一的行动指南和信息管理平台,明确各参与主体追溯权利义务,对追溯标准、追溯内容等进行规范,提高制度可操作性,促成追溯信息传递、共享;完善强制披露信息监管制度、食品召回制度和食品安全标准制度等与食品追溯制度相配套的制度,使相关制度相互配合,共同为食品安全保驾护航。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy and the enhancement of people's health awareness, the public has put forward higher demands on food safety and health. The frequent occurrence of food safety problems have caused great social damage and affect people's nerves, making people pay more attention to food consumption and safety, attention to food health, food supervision and regulation. The producer is the provider of food information and the consumer is the passive recipient. There is an asymmetric information between the two, and the asymmetric food information is the important cause of the huge food safety damage. The key to the problem of asymmetric information is to guarantee the transmission, sharing, clear responsibility, prevention of loss expansion, food safety and food quality by tracing the rights and obligations of the main body, tracing back standards, tracing methods, tracing back content and so on. In recent years, our country has carried out food in many areas and fields. The safety traceability system has set up some national and regional traceability systems in.2015 new "food safety law", and also made clear provisions on the food safety traceability system, making the system formally established in the form of national law. However, the system of food safety traceability in China is late and develops slowly, still in the initial stage of construction. A series of institutional defects restrict the realization of the traceability of food. The developed countries, such as Europe, America and Japan, not only attach importance to food safety, but also clearly recognize the role of the traceability system of food safety in solving food hazard events, and establish a relatively perfect food safety traceability system in combination with the development of food industry in the country. By discussing the theoretical basis of the traceability legal system of food safety, this paper analyzes the related concepts and functions of the traceability system, and combines three theoretical sources of risk control, information asymmetry and externality theory, and explores the necessity and feasibility of the system in our country, and the shortcomings of the food safety traceability system in China. In the present stage of our country, the system of food safety tracing is narrow, the provisions of the rights and obligations of the participants are not clear, the development of the system is not balanced, there is a lack of strong punishment measures and perfect supporting system, the information of traceability is difficult to share, and the participation of the social supervision force is insufficient. By analyzing the development status of food safety traceability system in China, the current situation of food supervision departments, food producers, consumers and other subjects in food safety traceability law and their respective roles in food safety traceability are analyzed, and the developed countries such as EU, Japan and the United States are used to improve the implementation of food. The advanced experience in the product safety traceability system with the food industry in China is put forward in combination with the development status of the food industry in China and the characteristics of the occurrence of food hazard events. The improvement of China's food safety traceability system needs to build a hybrid traceability system of Chinese model, for different varieties and regions, Different scale production operators carry out different traceability systems, expand the coverage of food safety traceability system, mobilize production operators to participate in the initiative, strengthen the effect of the system implementation, improve the social supervision mechanism of food safety traceability, strengthen social supervision, and form the pattern of food safety and social governance, and make clear food producers and operators. The supervision department, such as the product supervision department, has the legal responsibility of tracing back the traceability obligations, urged the producers to fulfill their duty of retroactive duty in an all-round way, and the supervisory departments actively perform their supervisory duties, build a unified action guide and information management platform, make clear the rights and obligations of the participants, and standardize the traceability standards, trace the content and so on, and improve the system availability. As a result, it can promote the transmission and sharing of information, improve the supervision system of compulsory disclosure information, the system of food recall system and the food safety standard system, so as to cooperate with each other and protect the safety of food.
【学位授予单位】：青海民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.16

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