国家赔偿责任构成要件探析

发布时间：2018-07-11 18:24

本文选题：“四要件” + “三阶层递进式构成要件”　；参考：《华南理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：从世界历史范围来看，国家赔偿制度历经否定、相对肯定和完全肯定等阶段，与人民主权、法治、人权保障、国家责任等原则理念的发展息息相关。现今，国家赔偿制度在许多国家都已建立，国家应当对因公权力行使致损的当事人负责赔偿毋庸置疑。在国家赔偿责任理论中，作为判断国家机关应否承担法律责任的依据和标准，较之归责原则更加具体明确的乃是责任构成要件理论。这一理论在我国学界存有“三要件说”与“四要件说”--它们之间并无本质区别，总体来讲，两者均包含了主体要件、行为要件、损害结果要件和因果关系要件。然而，此种平行构成要件说未能将违法阻却事由涵括在内，存在结构性缺失，，各要件间无层次性特征更是导致责任确立过程不具有严密逻辑性，因而司法实践上存在适用缺陷，不能完美体现国家赔偿制度的救济与人权保障功能。因此，本文试图援引刑事犯罪构成与民事侵权责任中“三阶层递进式构成要件”理论，在充分论证其理论优势及由刑事、民事领域转化为国家赔偿责任所用的合理性上，尝试建构国家赔偿责任的“三阶层递进式构成要件”理论，并通过具体案例分析说明这种尝试的合理性与有效性，在此基础上建构不同以往的国家赔偿归责体系，以期为我国国家赔偿责任理论发展与司法实践的正确运用贡献自己绵薄之力。
[Abstract]:From the historical scope of the world, the state compensation system has gone through the stages of negation, relative affirmation and complete affirmation. It is closely related to the development of the principles of people's sovereignty, the rule of law, the protection of human rights, and the state responsibility. Now, the state compensation system has been established in many countries, and the state should be responsible for the compensation of the parties who have been damaged by the exercise of the power of the public. Beyond all doubt.
In the theory of state compensation liability, as the basis and standard to judge whether the state organs should bear legal responsibility, more specific and clear than the principle of imputation is the theory of the constitutive requirements of responsibility. There are "three essentials" and "four elements" in the academic circles of our country - there is no essential difference between them. In general, both are wrapped. It contains the main elements, the behavior elements, the damage result elements and the causality elements. However, such parallel elements can not include the cause of violation of the law, and there are structural deficiencies, and the non hierarchical characteristics between the various elements cause the process of responsibility establishment not to be strictly logical, so there are defects in the judicial practice. Therefore, this article tries to invoke the theory of "three progressive constitutive elements" in the constitution of criminal crime and civil tort liability, and try to construct state compensation in the reasonableness of demonstrating its theoretical advantages and the rationality of the transformation from criminal and civil field to state compensation liability. The "three strata progressive constitutive elements" theory of responsibility, and through specific case analysis to explain the rationality and effectiveness of this attempt, on this basis, to construct different national compensation liability system, in order to contribute to the positive application of the development of China's state compensation liability theory and judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

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