论行政调查中之行政强制行为

发布时间：2018-08-17 12:17

【摘要】：行政调查系指行政机关为达成特定之行政目的,所从事之各种资料搜集活动。行政机关于从事行政调查时,依据"职权调查主义",不受当事人主张之拘束,并承担调查事实之责任。惟有调查遇有困难,可由当事人依法律规定提供协助,但对事件之澄清责任仍应由行政机关承担。当事人若未尽协力义务,除非法律有特别规定,否则不得强制其履行。任意性之调查行为不具处分性,无"行政执行法"之适用。间接强制之调查行为应属行政处分。违反此种协力义务者应受行政罚上之罚款作为制裁之手段,故不得再依"行政执行法"采取强制执行措施。直接强制之调查行为属事实行为,但事先要求当事人接受调查之行为,应仍具处分性,应受"行政执行法"之约束。直接强制调查行为在法律保留之要求上较无疑义,惟调查时应遵守比例原则和法定程序。行政机关于从事行政调查时,法律若未有赋予其得强制进入之权限,则行政机关原则上仍不得采取强制进入之方式。行政调查于声请令状后皆可从事行政搜索,于个别法律之规定中,单独明定得声请令状实施行政搜索应有容许空间。有关临时进入检查,应践行通知之程序。惟基于较为重大之公益之考虑,且经事先通知将无法达到调查目的之情形,应可容许有不经事先通知之临时检查。倘当事人拒绝放行,须视此种调查是否有得直接施以强制力之规定而定,若法规允许,自得以强制力排除当事人之阻碍,否则仍只能以间接制裁之方式。当行政机关已进入关系人之场所实施检查时,不论是否以直接强制力进入,除进行相关检查外,原则上不得附带从事搜索行为,或对相关证据予以扣留。
[Abstract]:Administrative investigation refers to all kinds of data collection activities carried out by administrative organs in order to achieve specific administrative purposes. When conducting administrative investigation, the administrative organ is not bound by the claim of the parties and bears the responsibility of investigating the facts in accordance with the principle of "ex officio investigation". Only in case of investigation difficulties can the parties provide assistance in accordance with the law, but the responsibility for clarifying the matter remains with the administrative authorities. If the parties fail to cooperate, they may not be enforced unless otherwise provided by law. The investigation act of arbitrariness has no disciplinary nature and is not applicable to the Administrative Enforcement Law. An indirect compulsory investigation shall be an administrative sanction. Those who violate this duty of cooperation shall be subject to a fine imposed by administrative penalty as a means of sanction, and therefore may no longer take enforcement measures in accordance with the Administrative Enforcement Law. The act of direct compulsory investigation is a factual act, but an act requiring the parties to accept an investigation in advance should still be disciplinary and bound by the Administrative Enforcement Law. There is no doubt about the requirement of legal reservation in direct compulsory investigation, but the principle of proportionality and legal procedure should be observed in investigation. If the law does not give the administrative organ the power of compulsory entry, in principle, the administrative organ may not adopt the method of compulsory entry. Administrative investigation can engage in administrative search after claiming writ. The procedure of notification shall be carried out for temporary entry inspection. An interim inspection without prior notice should be allowed in cases where the purpose of the investigation would not be achieved by prior notice on the basis of considerations of greater public interest. If the party refuses to release, it depends on whether such investigation can be directly imposed by force. If the law permits, it can remove the obstruction of the party by force, otherwise it can only be subject to indirect sanction. When the administrative organ has entered the place of the related person to carry out the inspection, no matter whether it is entered by direct force or not, except for the relevant inspection, in principle, it may not engage in the act of searching or withhold the relevant evidence.
【作者单位】：东吴大学法学院;政治大学;
【分类号】：D922.1

【相似文献】