高速公路收费法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-22 19:04

【摘要】：随着社会经济的飞速发展,高速公路不仅促进了交通运输现代化,同时也带动了一个国家的城市化进程,因此对高速公路产业的发展各国都相当重视。由于高速公路建设、经营、维修、养护等需要大量资金投入,世界各国结合自身经济条件,分别采取了不同的政策。有的国家这部分资金全部由国家投入,有的国家则通过发行债券、税收、银行贷款等多种渠道筹集。不同的资金投入方式便产生不同的通行管理方式。前者高速公路多为免费通行,而通过政府贷款等多种方式集资修建高速公路的国家,多通过收取通行费的形式回笼资金以偿还贷款,我国就是这一种。因此,我国的高速公路除沪嘉高速外,大部分实行收费通行政策。虽然对是否收费等管理方式世界各国各不相同,但对于规范高速公路经营、管理中的一系列问题各国都制定了相应的法律、法规。相对于发达国家,我国高速公路建设起步晚,管理中也存在着诸多问题。例如高速公路超期收费、超标准收费等现象在全国普遍且长期存在。这些问题的存在不但严重制约我国高速公路产业经济效益的发挥,同时也加重了居民通行的负担。为了进一步规范我国高速公路收费管理制度,保障居民合法权益,促进高速公路事业健康发展,本文以我国高速公路收费管理中的法律问题为对象进行研究。文章分为三个部分,在了解当今我国高速公路收费管理现实情况,并查阅国内外先进管理经验的基础上,首先剖析我国现行高速公路收费管理的法律依据,并从行政法的角度,对高速公路通行费的法律性质进行分析。第二部分罗列归纳我国目前高速公路管理中存在的问题,分析了短期内我国取消高速公路收费的困境。最后,结合学界相关理论成果,针对第二部本归纳的问题,提出相应解决对策,并对未来取消高速公路收费的发展趋势和实施方案进行畅想。力求为短期内实现高速公路收费管理法制化献计献策,为未来取消高速公路收费提供思路,从而尽早实现高速公路公益化。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, expressway not only promotes the modernization of transportation, but also brings along the urbanization process of a country, so every country attaches great importance to the development of expressway industry. As highway construction, management, maintenance and maintenance need a lot of capital investment, countries in the world have adopted different policies according to their own economic conditions. Some countries are financed entirely by the state, others by issuing bonds, taxes, bank loans and other channels. Different ways of capital investment produce different ways of management. Most of the former freeway is free of charge, and the government loan and other ways to build the highway countries, most of the form of collection of tolls to withdraw funds to repay the loan, China is one of this kind. Therefore, the highway in our country except Shanghai-Jia Expressway, most of the implementation of toll-passing policy. Although the various countries have different management methods such as whether to charge or not, the countries have formulated the corresponding laws and regulations to standardize the highway operation and a series of problems in the management. Compared with the developed countries, the highway construction in China started late, and there are many problems in the management. For example, Expressway over-schedule toll, over-standard toll and other phenomena in the country and long-term existence. The existence of these problems not only seriously restricts the exertion of economic benefits of expressway industry in China, but also increases the burden on residents. In order to further standardize the expressway toll management system, protect the legitimate rights and interests of residents, and promote the healthy development of expressway cause, this paper takes the legal problems in the expressway toll management as the object of study. The article is divided into three parts. On the basis of understanding the current situation of expressway toll collection management in our country and consulting the advanced management experience at home and abroad, this paper first analyzes the legal basis of the current expressway toll management in our country, and from the angle of administrative law, The legal nature of highway tolls is analyzed. The second part summarizes the existing problems in expressway management in China, and analyzes the dilemma of canceling toll collection in the short term. Finally, according to the related academic theoretical results, in view of the second part of the induction of the problem, put forward the corresponding solutions, and the future of freeway toll collection development trend and implementation plan for imagination. It aims to provide suggestions for realizing the legalization of freeway toll management in the short term, and to provide ideas for canceling expressway toll collection in the future, so as to realize freeway commonweal as soon as possible.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.14

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