论我国耕地生态补偿法律制度的构建

发布时间：2018-09-14 16:16

【摘要】：十八大以来,生态文明建设及环境法治建设成为我国现代化建设的关键。其中,建立健全生态补偿制度是重要一环。2016年4月出台的《关于健全生态保护补偿机制的意见》将耕地作为七大重点领域之一,提出以完善耕地保护补偿制度作为我国耕地生态保护补偿的重点。该文件对我国耕地生态补偿有重要的指导意义,以此为契机对我国耕地生态补偿法律制度进行研究,对我国耕地生态补偿的实践及法律制度的建立与完善有重要的推动作用。本文首先对生态补偿及耕地生态补偿进行界定,进而找寻其理论基础为生态价值理论、外部性理论及可持续发展理论,并结合中国实际分析其建立的必要性与可行性;其次全面梳理国内包括宪法、法律、行政法规、地方立法等法律法规中关于耕地生态补偿的规定,并分析得出其存在的问题主要包括法律依据缺乏系统性、法律程序不健全、责任体系不完善、保障体系不完善等;再次,梳理分析国外如美国、欧盟、日本等地区耕地保护及生态补偿的实践,得出域外在耕地生态补偿中健全的耕地生态补偿法律规范、坚持因地制宜原则、完善的耕地生态补偿法律程序等借鉴经验;最后,在前述基础上,提出我国耕地生态补偿法律制度的构建与完善建议,主要有微观和宏观两个层面。在宏观层面,首先需要加快专项立法进程,完善法律规范;另外还需明确耕地生态补偿法律制度的原则,包括损害者或受益者付费原则、公平性原则、因地制宜原则等。在微观层面,第一要明确耕地生态补偿法律制度的要素;第二要严格规范耕地生态补偿的法律程序;第三要完善耕地生态补偿法律制度的责任规定;第四要完善耕地生态补偿的保障机制。本文紧跟当前生态文明建设与环境法治建设的政策方向,尤其在国家出台《关于健全生态保护补偿机制的意见》和《关于加强耕地保护和改进占补平衡的意见》的政策背景之下,研究作为生态保护补偿七大重要领域之一的耕地生态补偿法律制度。在找寻充分的理论基础与域外经验的基础上,结合我国当前耕地保护与生态补偿的实际,因地制宜地在宏观与微观两个层面提出构建我国耕地生态补偿法律制度的进路建议。通过本文的研究,以期对我国耕地生态补偿法律制度的体系构建有所裨益,并为我国生态补偿乃至生态文明建设的制度完善及实践发展略尽绵薄之力。
[Abstract]:Since the 18th National Congress, the construction of ecological civilization and environmental rule by law has become the key to the modernization of our country. Among them, the establishment and improvement of ecological compensation system is an important link. In April 2016, the opinions on improving the compensation Mechanism for Ecological Protection put cultivated Land as one of the seven key areas. The emphasis of ecological protection compensation of cultivated land in China is to perfect the compensation system of cultivated land protection. This paper is of great significance to the ecological compensation of cultivated land in our country. It can be used as an opportunity to study the legal system of ecological compensation of cultivated land in China, and it will play an important role in promoting the practice of ecological compensation of cultivated land and the establishment and perfection of the legal system in our country. Firstly, this paper defines ecological compensation and cultivated land ecological compensation, and then finds out the theoretical basis of ecological value theory, externality theory and sustainable development theory, and analyzes the necessity and feasibility of the establishment of ecological compensation and cultivated land ecological compensation. Secondly, comprehensively combing the domestic laws and regulations, including the constitution, laws, administrative regulations, local legislation and other laws and regulations on ecological compensation for arable land, and analysis of its existing problems mainly include the lack of systematic legal basis, legal procedures are not perfect, Third, combing and analyzing the practices of cultivated land protection and ecological compensation in foreign countries such as the United States, European Union, Japan, etc. Adhere to the principle of local conditions, improve the legal procedures for ecological compensation of cultivated land and other experience; finally, on the basis of the foregoing, put forward the construction and improvement of the legal system of the ecological compensation of cultivated land, mainly at the micro and macro levels. At the macro level, it is necessary to speed up the special legislative process and perfect the legal norms. In addition, it is also necessary to clarify the principles of the legal system of ecological compensation for cultivated land, including the principle of paying for damages or beneficiaries, the principle of fairness, the principle of responding to local conditions, and so on. At the micro level, the first is to clarify the elements of the legal system of ecological compensation for cultivated land, the second is to strictly regulate the legal procedures of ecological compensation of cultivated land, and the third is to perfect the responsibility provisions of the legal system of ecological compensation of cultivated land. Fourth, the protection mechanism of ecological compensation for cultivated land should be improved. This paper closely follows the policy direction of the construction of ecological civilization and environmental rule by law. In particular, against the background of the national policy of "opinions on improving the compensation mechanism for ecological protection" and "views on strengthening the protection of cultivated land and improving the balance of occupation and compensation", As one of the seven important fields of ecological protection and compensation, the legal system of cultivated land ecological compensation is studied. On the basis of finding sufficient theoretical basis and overseas experience, combining with the current situation of cultivated land protection and ecological compensation in our country, this paper puts forward some advices to construct the legal system of ecological compensation of cultivated land in our country on the macro and micro level according to local conditions. Through the research of this paper, it is expected to be beneficial to the construction of the legal system of ecological compensation for cultivated land in China, and to contribute a little bit to the improvement and practical development of the system and practice of ecological compensation and ecological civilization construction in China.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.6

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