食品安全标准的私法效力及其矫正

发布时间：2018-10-22 17:40

【摘要】：作为一种公法规则,食品安全标准的效力范围及于行政执法领域自无疑问,但其在私法上是否也具有相应的效力,理论上颇具争议。学界总体上认可食品安全标准作为实质性"法规范"之效力,但其效力来源、等级和范围仍有待澄清。就其在私法上的效力而言,现行法在关键位置为食品安全标准嵌入私法设置了三条管道,并照单全收,完全认可食品安全标准的私法效力。这是"公法优越论"在食品安全领域的集中展现。此举固然有功能主义之考虑,但将私法上既有的违法性、产品缺陷、合意等弹性化概念,完全置换为公法上已实现标准化甚至数字化的食品安全标准,严重掏空了私法自治的精神内核,并带来一系列法律适用难题。实际上,食品安全标准的私法效力,本质上是食品安全领域的公私法合作方案在私法一侧的投影,准确判断食品安全标准的私法效力,必须回归问题的本源,从食品安全立法的公私法合作框架中寻找答案。
[Abstract]:As a kind of public law rule, there is no doubt that the scope of food safety standard is in the field of administrative law enforcement, but whether it has the corresponding effect in private law is controversial in theory. The academic circles generally accept the effectiveness of food safety standard as substantive "law norm", but its source, grade and scope still need to be clarified. As far as its effectiveness in private law is concerned, the current law has set up three channels for the food safety standard to be embedded in private law at the key position and accepted the private law effect of the food safety standard completely. This is a concentrated display of the doctrine of superiority in public law in the field of food safety. Of course, this move has functionalist considerations, but the existing flexible concepts in private law, such as illegality, product defects and agreement, are completely replaced by food safety standards that have been standardized or even digitized in public law. Seriously emptied the spirit of private autonomy, and brought a series of difficulties in the application of the law. In fact, the effect of private law of food safety standards is essentially the projection of public-private legal cooperation programs in the field of food safety on the private side of private law, and to accurately judge the effectiveness of the private law of food safety standards, it is necessary to return to the root of the problem. Look for answers from the public-private legal framework of food safety legislation.
【作者单位】：南京大学法学院;南京大学中德法学研究所;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“民生视野下食品安全治理的法治化”(14ZDC028);国家社会科学基金青年项目“公共风险管控的公私法合作机制研究”(15CFX020) 江苏青蓝工程项目资助
【分类号】：D922.16

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