网络慈善的行政法规制研究

发布时间：2018-10-29 17:34

【摘要】：随着网络科技的不断发展,互联网的作用越来越广泛,公益慈善借助网络媒介逐步升温,一种全新的基于网络的慈善模式—“网络慈善”迅速兴起。不过网络慈善的发展一方面欣欣向荣,吸引更多的民众关注、参与慈善,并取得了很大的成效,另一方面,网络慈善基于其借助的网络媒介本身也存在固有的缺陷,其行政法规制仍然存在很多问题,如网络慈善规制主体不明确、规制内容不健全、行政激励机制不完善、行政法规制下网络慈善组织公信力欠缺等问题,急需构建系统化的行政法规制体系,保障其长远发展。我国慈善事业在发展过程中出现诸多问题,甚至有一些违法行为,但并没有一部具体规范的法律对其进行规制,尤其是对日益发展的网络慈善而言,立法的滞后致使慈善问题日益严重。《慈善法》在此背景下颁布实施,虽然其对慈善的很多问题进行了规范和解决,但并未针对网络慈善进行相应的规定,只是简单带过。而对网络慈善进行规制通常是体现在行政法规制上,一些行政法规和地方规章对网络慈善问题有所规定,但目前尚未形成系统化的行政法规制体系,未能对网络慈善活动进行长效的规制。本文以此为切入点,构建系统化的行政法规制体系来对网络慈善加以规制,以达到预期的效果。本文首先归纳了网络慈善行政法规制的内涵及必要性,通过对网络慈善的概念、特征及类型的阐述,来明确网络慈善的基本内容,然后从行政法规制的概念得出网络慈善行政法规制的含义,再从网络慈善的重要地位、现实需求与合理性三个方面对网络慈善行政法规制的必要性进行论述。其次着重分析我国目前网络慈善行政法规制存在的问题,如网络慈善行政法规制缺乏体系化的法律依据、网络慈善规制主体不明确,呈多元规制现状、网络慈善行政法规制内容不健全,尤其在后续阶段对善款善物的使用和余款的流向问题上缺乏监管、行政法激励机制也不完善。最后针对目前网络慈善行政法规制存在的问题提出一些完善的建议,如为了明确网络慈善规制主体,建议专门设置一个具有独立性的慈善监管机构专门负责网络慈善活动;建立手段多元化的行政监管体系,以政府监管为主社会监管为辅来加强对网络慈善的全面有效监管;通过税收、财政、奖励三个方面对网络慈善行政法激励机制进行完善;建立政府平台信息披露制度来提高网络慈善组织的公信力。这些举措能够有效地规制网络慈善活动,解决网络慈善过程中出现的问题。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of network science and technology, the role of the Internet is becoming more and more extensive. With the help of network media, a new network based charity mode, "network charity", is rising rapidly. However, on the one hand, the development of network charity is flourishing, attracting more people's attention and participating in charity, and it has made great achievements. On the other hand, the network charity also has inherent defects based on the network media it relies on. There are still many problems in the system of administrative regulations, such as unclear subject of network charity regulation, imperfect content of regulation, imperfect administrative incentive mechanism, lack of credibility of network charity organization under the system of administrative laws and regulations, etc. It is urgent to build a systematic system of administrative laws and regulations to ensure its long-term development. There are many problems in the development of philanthropy in our country, even some illegal acts, but there is not a specific normative law to regulate it, especially for the growing network charity. The legislation lags behind causes the philanthropy problem to become more and more serious. Under this background, the Charity Law was promulgated and implemented, although it has carried on the standard and the solution to many problems of charity, but has not carried on the corresponding stipulation to the network charity, has simply taken it. The regulation of network charity is usually reflected in the system of administrative laws and regulations, some administrative regulations and local regulations on network charity issues have been stipulated, but no systematic system of administrative laws and regulations has been formed at present. Failed to carry on the long-term regulation to the network charitable activity. This paper constructs a systematic system of administrative laws and regulations to regulate the network charity in order to achieve the desired results. This paper first summarizes the connotation and necessity of the network charity administrative regulation system, through the elaboration of the concept, characteristics and types of the network charity, to clarify the basic content of the network charity. Then from the concept of administrative laws and regulations to draw the meaning of the network charity administrative laws and regulations system, and then from the important status of network charity, realistic needs and rationality of the necessity of the network charity administrative laws and regulations system is discussed. Secondly, it analyzes the problems existing in the system of network charity administrative laws and regulations in China, such as the lack of systematic legal basis, the unclear subject of network charity regulation, and the present situation of pluralistic regulation. The content of network charitable administrative regulations is not perfect, especially in the subsequent stage of the use of charity and the flow of the lack of supervision of the residual funds, the administrative law incentive mechanism is not perfect. Finally, in view of the problems existing in the current network charity administrative regulation system, some suggestions are put forward. For example, in order to clarify the main body of the network charity regulation, it is suggested that an independent charity regulatory agency should be set up to be responsible for the network charity activities. To establish a diversified administrative supervision system, supplemented by government supervision and social supervision, to strengthen the overall and effective supervision of network charity, to improve the incentive mechanism of network charity administrative law through taxation, finance and reward. Establish the government platform information disclosure system to improve the credibility of network charitable organizations. These measures can effectively regulate the network charity activities and solve the problems in the network charity process.
【学位授予单位】：安徽财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.182.3

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