论国家赔偿中的“直接损失”

发布时间：2018-11-10 16:26

【摘要】：《国家赔偿法》(1995)第28条规定"对财产权造成其他损害的,按照直接损失给予赔偿",《国家赔偿法》(2010)第36条继续沿袭了该规定。"直接损失"的概念从民法中引进,但其目的和理念却与民法大相径庭,学界对直接损失的定义加深了司法实践的困惑,使得国家赔偿法上的直接损失理论不能为司法实践提供有益的指引,反致理论与实践出现背离。本文通过对司法实践中法院对直接损失的认定标准与学者所设计的理论进行对照,辅以民法上相关概念的考察,试图揭示当前国家赔偿法直接损失理论存在的缺陷,并进而提出两个优化方案:即国家赔偿标准上直接适用民法规定的理想方案,以及对直接损失作重新解释的稳妥方案。在保持现有国家赔偿制度稳定性的前提下,最大限度地实现国家赔偿标准理论上的自洽与事实上扩大受害人赔偿范围的融合。
[Abstract]:Article 28 of the State compensation Law (1995) provides that "where other damage to property rights is caused, compensation shall be made in accordance with the direct loss", and Article 36 of the State compensation Law (2010) continues to follow this provision. " The concept of "direct loss" is introduced from civil law, but its purpose and concept are quite different from that of civil law. The definition of direct loss in academic circles has deepened the confusion of judicial practice. The theory of direct loss in the law of state compensation can not provide beneficial guidance for judicial practice, but the theory and practice deviate from it. In this paper, the author tries to reveal the defects of the direct loss theory of the State compensation Law by comparing the standards of the court's direct loss in judicial practice with the theory designed by the scholars, and by investigating the relevant concepts in the civil law. Then two optimization schemes are put forward: one is the ideal scheme for the direct application of the civil law to the national compensation standard, and the other is the safe scheme for reinterpreting the direct loss. On the premise of maintaining the stability of the existing national compensation system, the theoretical self-consistency of the national compensation standard and the expansion of the range of compensation for the victims are realized to the maximum extent.
【作者单位】：清华大学法学院;
【分类号】：D922.1

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