我国农户宅基地退出的法律机制研究

发布时间：2018-11-23 20:31

【摘要】：随着工业化、城镇化的迅速发展,我国建设用地的需求急剧增加。新增加的建设用地大多数都是周边农村地区的建设用地(多为耕地),因此导致耕地面积不断减少。然而,在广阔的农村,土地资源被粗放使用,宅基地资源大量闲置,造成“空心村”等现象,与此同时,急剧增长的城市建设用地需求也需要得到满足,二者之间的矛盾愈发突出。我国处在社会转型时期,广阔的城市就业市场吸引了越来越多的农村劳动力,使得土地对农民保障功能不再那么重要。在这样的背景下,充分开发利用被农户闲置的宅基地,推行宅基地退出就成为了解决这一难题的有效手段。宅基地退出一来可以解决农村大量宅基地闲置的问题,二来可以满足城镇的建设用地需求,具有研究价值。从农户宅基地退出的基本问题进行阐述,包括宅基地的定义、有关研究现状等。以目前我国开展宅基地退出的几个典型试点区为例,分析农户宅基地退出的现实状况,展开评价。根据调查问卷的结果,分析影响农户退出宅基地的因素。进而提出在农户宅基地退出中存在的一些问题:一是现行法律缺乏对农村宅基地退出的相应规定,二是宅基地退出缺乏动力机制,农户的意愿不能得到充分的尊重,退出产生的增值利益分配不公等。三是对退出宅基地的农民补偿不合理,宅基地退出的保障机制不够完善。以及缺乏与宅基地退出相衔接的社会保障措施等。针对以上问题,提出破解农村宅基地退出障碍的对策。首先,完善相关法律规定,弥补法律空缺,使退出工作有法可依。其次,建立一套完整的宅基地退出机制,包括鼓励农户参与退出的奖励机制,农户参与退出后的补偿机制,配套的保障机制,以及土地增值利益分配机制,采取有效促进农村宅基地退出的相应配套措施。最后,实施政府宅基地管理清单,完善宅基地退出补偿金管理,厘清政府职责。为实现宅基地退出制度的顺利实施,化解目前农村宅基地利用效率低、土地资源浪费严重的难题,出台更加完善的宅基地退出法律制度提供一些思路和建议。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the demand for construction land in China has increased sharply. Most of the new construction land is the construction land in the surrounding rural areas (mostly cultivated land), which leads to the continuous reduction of cultivated land area. However, in the vast rural areas, land resources are widely used, land resources are largely idle, resulting in "hollow villages" and so on. At the same time, the rapidly increasing demand for urban construction land also needs to be met. The contradiction between the two is becoming more and more prominent. China is in the period of social transformation, the broad urban employment market attracts more and more rural labor force, which makes the land less important to farmers' security function. Under this background, it is an effective way to solve this problem by fully developing and utilizing the unused homestead and pushing the homestead withdrawal. The withdrawal of homestead can solve the problem of a large number of idle homestead in rural areas, and it can meet the demand of urban construction land, so it has research value. This paper expounds the basic problems of withdrawing from the homestead of peasant households, including the definition of homestead, the current research situation and so on. Taking several typical pilot areas of homestead withdrawal in our country as examples, this paper analyzes the actual situation of peasant homestead withdrawal and evaluates it. According to the results of the questionnaire, the factors affecting the withdrawal of farmers from homestead were analyzed. Then some problems existing in the withdrawal of rural homestead are put forward: first, the current law lacks the corresponding provisions for the rural homestead withdrawal, the second is the lack of dynamic mechanism for the homestead withdrawal, and the willingness of the farmers cannot be fully respected. The distribution of value-added benefits arising from withdrawal is unfair, etc. Thirdly, the compensation to the peasants who quit the homestead is unreasonable, and the guarantee mechanism of the homestead withdrawal is not perfect. And the lack of social security measures linked with the withdrawal of homestead, and so on. In view of the above problems, the countermeasures to solve the rural homestead withdrawal obstacles are put forward. First of all, improve the relevant legal provisions, make up for legal gaps, so that the work of withdrawal from the law. Second, establish a complete homestead withdrawal mechanism, including incentive mechanism to encourage farmers to participate in the withdrawal, farmers to participate in the withdrawal of compensation mechanisms, supporting security mechanisms, and land value-added benefits distribution mechanism. To take effective measures to promote the withdrawal of rural homestead. Finally, implement government homestead management list, perfect homestead withdrawal compensation management, clarify government responsibilities. In order to realize the smooth implementation of the homestead withdrawal system, resolve the problems of low efficiency of rural homestead use and serious waste of land resources, and provide some ideas and suggestions for the introduction of a more perfect legal system of homestead withdrawal.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.32

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