家庭农场发展的法律促进机制研究

发布时间：2018-11-24 10:50

【摘要】：在经济全球化背景下，我国经济总量已跃居全球第二。我国经济的发展离不开农村经济的支撑。党的十一届三中全会以来，我国确立了“家庭承包经营为主、统分结合”的双层经营体制，促进了我国农业的发展。但是随着我国农村经济的快速发展，家庭承包责任制已越来越不适应现代农业的发展需求。近年来，国家相继出台了一系列政策法规，把“三农”问题连续多次写入“中央一号文件”，大力倡导发展农业，逐年加大对农业的扶持力度。党的十八届三中全会指出：“城乡二元结构是制约城乡发展一体化的主要障碍……要加快构建新型农业经营体系。”在国家的大力扶持和鼓励下，我国出现了专业合作社、公司+农户等新型农业经营方式，家庭农场作为一种新型农业经营方式应运而生。国外对家庭农场发展的法律促进方面相当重视，表现为其有关家庭农场发展方面的立法比较充分，比如：美国的《宅地法》、《农业基本法》、《农业调整法》，法国的《农业指导法》、《农业合作社调整法》，日本的《农地法》、《农业基本法》等。在中国的法治社会环境下，可以说农村经济就是法治经济。建国以来，我国相继出台了《宪法》、《物权法》、《土地管理法》、《农业法》等法律法规，它们或多或少对发展我国农业发展起到一定的促进作用，但我国缺乏专门规定家庭农场发展的法律法规。本文的研究对象为家庭农场发展的法律促进机制，笔者立足于国内生产实践，比较国外家庭农场发展法律促进机制的研究状况，并合理借鉴国外研究经验，提出怎样构建促进我国家庭农场发展的法律机制。除前言和结语外，本文主要分为四个部分：第一部分为家庭农场发展的法律促进机制概述。其中，笔者从家庭农场发展法律促进机制的历史沿革和现实意义两方面加以阐述。该部分分别介绍了家庭农场的起源、法律属性及其法律促进机制的背景，阐明家庭农场发展的法律促进机制有助于推动农业规模化经营，有利于发展我国农业生产力，有助于构建新型农业经营体系。第二部分是我国家庭农场发展法律促进机制的现状和问题。本部分从现有促进家庭农场发展的法律法规、土地财产权法律保护制度和土地流转制度等方面着手，阐述了我国家庭农场发展法律促进机制的现状，并提出我国家庭农场存在的主要问题是：宏观法律体系不健全、财政法律制度不健全、税收法律制度不健全、金融法律制度不健全。第三部分通过比较美、法、日等国家家庭农场发展的法律促进机制，从而得出对我国家庭农场发展法律促进机制的有益启示。第四部分是本文的重点。笔者从财政支持、税收支持、金融支持以及土地流转和社会化服务等法律制度的构建入手，提出构建我国家庭农场发展法律促进机制的具体途径。
[Abstract]:Under the background of economic globalization, China's total economic volume has leapt to the second place in the world. The development of our country economy is inseparable from the support of rural economy. Since the third Plenary session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the CPC, China has established a two-tier management system of "household contract management as the main, unified and divided management combined", which has promoted the development of agriculture in our country. However, with the rapid development of rural economy in China, the household contract responsibility system has become more and more unsuitable for the development needs of modern agriculture. In recent years, the state has issued a series of policies and regulations, wrote the "three rural issues" into the "Central Committee No. 1 document" for many times, vigorously advocated the development of agriculture, and increased the support for agriculture year by year. The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee pointed out: "the dual structure of urban and rural areas is the main obstacle to the integration of urban and rural development. It is necessary to speed up the construction of a new agricultural management system. " With the support and encouragement of our country, there are some new agricultural management methods, such as specialized cooperatives and company farmers, and family farms as a new type of agricultural management have emerged as the times require. Foreign countries attach great importance to the legal promotion of the development of family farms, which is manifested by their relatively adequate legislation on the development of family farms. For example, the "Homestead Law" of the United States, the "basic Law on Agriculture", the "Agricultural Adjustment Act", France's Agricultural guidance Law, Agricultural Co-operative Adjustment Act, Japan's Agricultural Land Law, Agricultural basic Law, etc. In China's legal society environment, it can be said that the rural economy is the rule of law economy. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, China has successively promulgated laws and regulations such as the Constitution, the property Law, the Land Management Law, and the Agriculture Law. They have played a certain role in promoting the development of agriculture in China. However, our country lacks laws and regulations that specifically regulate the development of family farms. The research object of this paper is the legal promotion mechanism of family farm development. Based on the domestic production practice, the author compares the research status of the legal promotion mechanism of family farm development abroad, and reasonably draws lessons from foreign research experience. How to set up the legal mechanism to promote the development of family farms in China. In addition to the preface and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts: the first part is an overview of the legal promotion mechanism of family farm development. The author expounds the historical evolution and practical significance of the legal promotion mechanism of family farm development. This part introduces the origin of family farm, its legal attribute and the background of its legal promotion mechanism, and clarifies that the legal promotion mechanism of family farm development is helpful to promote the large-scale management of agriculture and to develop the agricultural productivity of our country. It helps to build a new agricultural management system. The second part is the current situation and problems of legal promotion mechanism of family farm development in China. This part begins with the existing laws and regulations to promote the development of family farms, the legal protection system of land property rights and the land circulation system, and expounds the current situation of the legal promotion mechanism for the development of family farms in China. The main problems of family farm in our country are that the macro legal system is not perfect, the financial legal system is not perfect, the tax legal system is not perfect, and the financial legal system is not perfect. In the third part, by comparing the legal promotion mechanism of family farm development in America, France, Japan and other countries, the beneficial enlightenment to the legal promotion mechanism of family farm development in China is obtained. The fourth part is the focus of this paper. Starting with the construction of financial support, tax support, financial support, land circulation and socialized services, the author puts forward the specific ways to construct the legal promotion mechanism for the development of family farms in China.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.4

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