论机动车强制保险的立法模式——兼评《道路交通安全法》第76条

发布时间：2019-01-01 09:48

【摘要】：责任保险在交通事故受害人保护方面存在固有缺陷,不可抗力、过失相抵等抗辩事由阻碍受害人获得及时、充分的保险赔付。无过失保险是在反思侵权责任制度缺陷的基础上所作出的一项制度创新,但其广泛的保护对象、宽松的赔付条件推高了保费支出,因此受到学界的质疑和消费者的反对。修正的责任保险在保留责任保险三方结构的同时,吸收了无过失保险的思想。通过弱化保险人的抗辩事由、放宽保险赔付要件,修正的责任保险可以达到强化保护交通事故受害人之目标。我国《道路交通安全法》第76条采纳了修正的责任保险模式,此种模式最能契合我国机动车强制保险为交通事故受害人提供基本保障之立法目的,因此在制度构造上优于传统的责任保险模式。
[Abstract]:Liability insurance has inherent defects in the protection of traffic accident victims, such as force majeure, fault offset and other defenses that prevent the victim from obtaining timely and adequate insurance compensation. The no-fault insurance is a system innovation on the basis of reflecting on the defects of tort liability system, but its extensive object of protection and the loose conditions of indemnity push up the premium expenditure, so it is questioned by academic circles and opposed by consumers. The modified liability insurance absorbs the idea of no-fault insurance while retaining the tripartite structure of liability insurance. By weakening the defense of the insurer and relaxing the requirements of insurance indemnity, the amended liability insurance can strengthen the protection of the victims of traffic accidents. Article 76 of our country's Road Traffic Safety Law adopts the amended liability insurance model, which is most suitable for the legislative purpose of compulsory motor vehicle insurance to provide basic protection for the victims of traffic accidents. Therefore, the system structure is superior to the traditional liability insurance model.
【作者单位】：西南财经大学法学院;
【分类号】：D922.14

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