中美公众参与环境影响评价法律制度的比较研究

发布时间：2019-01-29 21:27

【摘要】：环境影响评价制度作为国家环境管理的重要手段,发挥着协调经济社会发展与环境保护的作用。公众参与作为环境影响评价的原则,不但体现了环境公平正义,还有助于提高政府环境决策的正确性和可接受性。美国是首个以立法形式建立并实施环境影响评价制度的国家,自1969年美国通过《国家环境政策法》确立了公众参与环境影响评价制度后,迅速在各国得到推行,公众参与环境影响评价制度被写进各国的法律,从而建立起了公众参与环境影响评价法律制度体系。我国虽然起步较晚,但是近些年也得到了迅速的发展,自从2002年《环境影响评价法》中首次将环境影响评价制度中的公众参与作为一项重要的内容进行规定,到2014年4月对《环境保护法》进行了修订,专门设置了“环境信息公开与公众参与”一章,明确了公民获取信息权、参与权和监督权,并对公众参与的程序进行了规定。然而同美国相比我国仍然存在着许多不足,本文通过介绍美国与中国在环境影响评价制度中公众参与的主体、公众参与的方式以及环境信息公开三个方面的概况并进行对比分析后,提出了我国在主体上存在的范围不明确、不重视环保NGO发展的问题,并针对我国公众参与方式中听证会制度的完善以及环境信息公开制度的主要内容的健全等问题提出了解决措施。
[Abstract]:As an important means of national environmental management, environmental impact assessment system plays an important role in coordinating economic and social development and environmental protection. As the principle of environmental impact assessment, public participation not only embodies environmental fairness and justice, but also helps to improve the correctness and acceptability of government environmental decisions. The United States is the first country to establish and implement an environmental impact assessment system in the form of legislation. Since 1969, when the United States adopted the National Environmental Policy Act to establish the system of public participation in environmental impact assessment, it has been rapidly implemented in various countries. The system of public participation in environmental impact assessment has been written into the laws of various countries, thus establishing the legal system of public participation in environmental impact assessment. Although our country started late, it has also developed rapidly in recent years. Since the 2002 Environmental impact Assessment Act, the public participation in the EIA system has been stipulated as an important content for the first time. By April 2014, the Environmental Protection Law had been revised, and the chapter "Environmental Information openness and Public participation" was set up, which defined the citizens' right to obtain information, participate in and supervise, and stipulated the procedure of public participation. However, compared with the United States, there are still many shortcomings in our country. This paper introduces the main body of public participation in the environmental impact assessment system between the United States and China. After comparing and analyzing the way of public participation and the three aspects of environmental information disclosure, the paper points out that the scope of the main body in our country is not clear, and the problem of not paying attention to the development of environmental protection NGO is pointed out. The paper also puts forward some measures to solve the problems, such as the perfection of public hearing system and the improvement of the main contents of environmental information disclosure system.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D971.2;D922.68

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