行政约谈法律问题研究

发布时间：2019-02-08 16:47

【摘要】：自从2003年由税务部门从香港引入大陆之后,行政约谈在价格调控、食品安全、消费维权、环境保护、市场监管等诸多领域迅速发展,得到广泛应用,可谓是遍地开花。但在理论上,对行政约谈的行为界定和法律属性却存在较多争议,界于我们一贯坚持的法治是具有形式理性的法律的统治,认为不能从法律上构建的问题没有法律意义。因而对行政约谈这种新兴的柔性执法方式,如何定性,如何构建,才能实现形式化法律的最大确定性问题的探讨,成为了目前学者对该问题研究的主要着陆点。因此对行政约谈概念的定义,法律属性的探讨,是独立行政行为还是非独立行政行为,是法律行为还是事实行为成了不可回避的问题。这种形式化的争论实则是受以“行政权”为核心构建起来的传统行政法学理论的束缚。而以“关系”为视角构建起来的平衡论,则把行政约谈看作是公共利益与个人利益实现动态平衡的一种方式,纳入积极行政的范畴,恰到好处的突破了这种形式藩篱。本文从“新行政法”、平衡理论、柔性执法的监管方式等方面对行政约谈产生的背景作了系统概括,并对行政约谈的法律属性、独立性、行为属性进行比较分析,着重阐述。实践中的行政约谈,虽然应用广泛也取得了良好的社会效果,但缺乏高位阶的法律依据,亦无规范式的程序规制,并不具有制度上的构建性。在实际运用中,很多部门都是结合本部门的情况,旧瓶装新酒的将各自原有的一些柔性的工作方式方法运用进来,立法的空白、程序适用上的不确定都使行政约谈行为存在被滥用和异化的风险。因此,对行政约谈行为的规制便成为值得探讨的问题。但是该如何将其法治化,从哪些方面着手,才能在我国目前的法律体系背景上具有更强的构建性是一个值得思考的问题。本文试图从立法、程序和救济途径上将行政约谈囊括进法制的框架内,对行政约谈法治化路径提出建议,以期能对理论构建提供一种新的思路。
[Abstract]:Since the tax department introduced the mainland from Hong Kong in 2003, administrative interviews have been widely used in many fields, such as price control, food safety, consumer rights protection, environmental protection, market supervision and so on. However, in theory, there are many disputes about the definition and legal attribute of administrative interview. The rule of law, which we have always insisted on, is the rule of law with formal rationality, and there is no legal significance for the problem that can not be constructed from the law. Therefore, the discussion of how to define and construct the new flexible law enforcement method of administrative interview to realize the maximum certainty of formal law has become the main landing point for scholars to study this problem. Therefore, the definition of the concept of administrative interview and the discussion of the legal attribute, whether the independent administrative act or the non-independent administrative act, the legal act or the factual act has become an unavoidable question. In fact, this formal argument is bound by the traditional theory of administrative law constructed with "administrative power" as the core. The balance theory, which is constructed from the angle of "relationship", regards administrative interview as a way to realize dynamic balance between public interest and personal interest, and it is brought into the category of active administration, which just breaks through this kind of formal barrier. This paper systematically generalizes the background of administrative interview from the aspects of "new administrative law", balance theory and supervision mode of flexible law enforcement, and makes a comparative analysis of the legal attribute, independence and behavior attribute of administrative interview, with emphasis on expounding. The administrative interview in practice, although it has been widely used, has obtained good social effect, but it lacks the legal basis of high rank, and there is no standard procedural regulation, so it does not have the system construction. In practical use, many departments are considering the situation in their own departments. Old bottles of new wine apply their original flexible working methods to the legislative blank. The uncertainty of procedure application causes the risk of abuse and alienation of administrative interview behavior. Therefore, the regulation of administrative interview behavior is worth discussing. However, how to rule by law and from what aspects can we construct more strongly in the background of our country's current legal system is a problem worth thinking about. This paper attempts to include administrative interviews in the framework of legal system from the perspective of legislation, procedure and remedies, and to make suggestions on the path of rule of law by law in administrative interviews, in order to provide a new way of thinking for the construction of theory.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.1

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