城市流浪乞讨人员救助管理的法律制度研究

发布时间：2019-03-11 07:49

【摘要】：2012年，，一组广州立交桥下铺满水泥锥的照片在网络上疯狂的扩散。不久之后，广州市建委承认了浇灌水泥锥的这一事实，并坦言此举的目的是为了防止流浪汉睡在高架桥下，影响市容市貌。这组照片披露出的事实一时掀起了轩然大波，各大媒体开始用醒目标题质疑政府针对流浪乞讨人员的政策和做法的合理性。此后，流浪乞讨人员救助管理制度再次受到社会各界的广泛关注。 “为了救济、教育和安置城市流浪乞讨人员，以维护成熟社会秩序和安定团结”，国务院于1982年颁布了《城市流浪乞讨人员收容遣送办法》（以下简称《收容遣送办法》），确立了收容遣送制度。尽管此制度在颁布之时具有良好的初衷，但由于各种原因，收容遣送制度并不能保证收治人员受到应有的人道待遇。2003年3月，“孙志刚事件”的发生推动人们在更深层次上质问和怀疑收容遣送制度的合宪性与正当性。在3位法学博士向全国人大常委会写信呼吁审查收容遣送制度的合宪性后，国务院很快自行废止了《收容遣送办法》，并代之以《城市生活无着的流浪乞讨人员救助管理办法》（以下简称《救助管理办法》）。《救助管理办法》相较于《收容遣送办法》明显更为人道，更加符合立法法的相关规定。但实际上，《救助管理办法》施行10年来，并没有像人人预期的那样，从本质上解决流浪乞讨人员管制问题。相反，这部法律的实施相继引发了许多问题。这些问题共同指向了一个亟需政府攻克的难题，就是政府如何对流浪乞讨者进行救助与管理。本文共分为四部分对流浪乞讨人员救助管理法律制度这一课题进行探究与讨论，全文约3万字。第一部分主要对我国流浪乞讨人员及其救助管理制度进行概述，分别梳理了流浪乞讨行为的概念，行乞的原因及其危害，救助管理制度的内涵和变迁及其原则等主要内容，为下文做好铺垫。第二部分主要介绍西方主要国家救助制度到现行管理制度的历史演进和发展，总结了国外流浪人员救助管理经验。第三部分重点从静态和动态两个角度分析了我国流浪乞讨人员救助管理制度的现状以及问题。第四部分为文章的重点，在前文的基础上，提出了完善我国城市流浪乞讨人员社会救助制度的对策建议。首先总结了救助管理制度完善必须遵循的主要原则，接着结合我国国情，提出了救助管理制度完善的对策建议。
[Abstract]:In 2012, a group of photos covered with cement cones spread wildly on the Internet under the Guangzhou overpass. Soon after, the Guangzhou Construction Commission acknowledged the fact of pouring cement cones, and admitted that the aim was to prevent homeless people from sleeping under viaducts and affecting the city's appearance. The photos sparked a stir as the media began to question the reasonableness of the government's policies and practices against vagrant beggars with eye-catching headlines. Since then, the rescue management system of vagrants and beggars has received extensive attention from all walks of life. In order to provide relief, education and resettlement of urban vagrant beggars in order to maintain mature social order and secure unity, the State Council promulgated in 1982 the measures for the reception and removal of Urban vagrant beggars (hereinafter referred to as the "reception and removal measures"). A system of reception and deportation has been established. Although the system had a good original intention at the time of its promulgation, for a variety of reasons, the system of reception and removal did not guarantee the humane treatment of those admitted to the hospital. March 2003, The occurrence of Sun Zhigang incident impels people to question and doubt the constitutionality and legitimacy of the system of reception and deportation at a deeper level. After three legal doctorates wrote to the standing Committee of the National people's Congress calling for a review of the constitutionality of the system of reception and deportation, the State Council soon abolished the method of reception and deportation on its own. And replace it with the measures for the rescue of homeless and beggars without urban life (hereinafter referred to as the measures for relief management). The measures for the administration of aid are obviously more humane and more in line with the relevant provisions of the Legislative Law than the methods of reception and deportation. But in fact, in the past 10 years, it has not solved the problem of the control of vagrant beggars in essence, as everyone had expected. On the contrary, the enforcement of the law has caused many problems. Together, these problems point to a difficult problem that the government urgently needs to overcome, that is, how to help and manage the vagrant beggars. This paper is divided into four parts to explore and discuss the legal system of the rescue and management of vagrants and beggars, and the full text is about 30,000 words. In the first part, the author summarizes the concept of vagrant begging behavior, the reason and harm of begging, the connotation and change of rescue management system and its principles, and so on, which summarizes the management system of vagrants and beggars in our country, and analyzes the concept of vagrant begging behavior, the causes of begging and its harm. Lay the groundwork for the following. The second part mainly introduces the historical evolution and development of the aid system from the main western countries to the current management system, and sums up the experience of the relief management of the vagrant abroad. The third part focuses on the static and dynamic analysis of the current situation and problems of the relief management system of vagrants and beggars in China. The fourth part is the focus of the article, on the basis of the above, put forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the social assistance system of urban vagrants and beggars in our country. Firstly, it summarizes the main principles that must be followed in the improvement of the rescue management system, and then puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the perfection of the rescue management system in the light of the national conditions of our country.
【学位授予单位】：广东外语外贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.182

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