行政约谈制度规范化研究

发布时间：2019-03-19 12:31

【摘要】：近年来,从中央到地方,许多行政机关频繁运用"约谈"手段履行管理职责,这体现了政府柔性执法的倾向。但作为一种新型的行政执法方式,其理论研究较为匮乏。本文将行政约谈视为一种创新执法手段,并对实践中约谈的实施情况进行评价,指出约谈在实践中存在的问题,从而提出规范约谈制度的几点建议。本文的结构如下:第一部分介绍行政执法过程中的约谈情况。文章先通过特征描述的方法分析行政约谈的内涵,接着列举约谈被广泛运用的各行政领域,包括互联网监管领域、消费者维权领域、环保监管领域等。随后介绍约谈的流程,约谈包括准备阶段、实施阶段、后续处理阶段。第二部分对行政约谈进行理论定位。文章将行政约谈视为行政执法活动中具有协商性质的新型工作手段。它承载着预防抑制、调查取证、违法告诫、执法和解、决策咨询、前置衔接等功能。行政约谈的非强制性使得约谈协议对行政相对人并不具有法律上的约束力。约谈行为与后续处理行为之间也有不同程度的联系。第三部分对行政约谈的实施情况进行评价。采用约谈手段解决执法问题,有奏效的,也有失败的。约谈奏效的动力机制在于它能够使行政主体和行政相对人都受益。约谈失败包括约谈启动失败、双方未达成约谈合意、约谈后行政相对人问题依然存在等情形。约谈失败主要由约谈过程缺乏监督、约谈立法位阶较低等原因造成。第四部分指出约谈实践中存在的具体问题。实践中,约谈存在过度化、随意化、强制化等情形。此外,行政相对人和行政主体之间协商能力不均衡、行政相对人消极赴约等问题也值得关注。最后一部分针对约谈实践存在的问题提出规范化建议。约谈制度的规范不仅需要对约谈的程序性规定进行完善,还需要建立监督和救济机制。内部投诉制度和行政诉讼确认违法判决可给因约谈受到侵害的行政相对人指明道路。
[Abstract]:In recent years, from the central government to the local government, many administrative organs frequently use the means of "interview" to fulfill their administrative duties, which reflects the tendency of the government to enforce the law flexibly. However, as a new way of administrative law enforcement, its theoretical research is scarce. This article regards the administrative interview as a kind of innovative law enforcement means, and evaluates the implementation of the interview in practice, points out the problems existing in the practice, and puts forward some suggestions on standardizing the interviewing system. The structure of this paper is as follows: the first part introduces the interview in the process of administrative law enforcement. This paper analyzes the connotation of administrative interview through the method of feature description, and then enumerates the administrative fields which are widely used, including Internet supervision, consumer protection, environmental protection and so on. Then introduce the process of the interview, including the preparation phase, implementation phase, follow-up processing phase. The second part carries on the theoretical orientation to the administrative interview. The article regards administrative interview as a new working means with consultative nature in administrative law enforcement activities. It carries the functions of prevention and suppression, investigation and evidence collection, illegal admonition, law enforcement reconciliation, decision-making consultation, pre-linking and so on. The non-compulsion of the administrative interview makes the interview agreement not legally binding on the administrative counterpart. The interviewing behavior also has the different degree connection with the follow-up processing behavior. The third part evaluates the implementation of the administrative interview. The use of interview means to solve law enforcement problems, some effective, but also some failure. The motive mechanism of the interview is that it can benefit both the administrative subject and the administrative counterpart. The failure of the interview includes the failure of the start of the interview, the failure of the two sides to reach the agreement of the interview, and the existence of the issue of the administrative relative person after the interview. The failure of interview is mainly caused by the lack of supervision in the interview process and the lower level of legislation. The fourth part points out the specific problems existing in the practice of interviewing. In practice, there are situations such as excessive, arbitrary, and forceful interviewing. In addition, the balance of negotiation ability between the administrative counterpart and the administrative subject, and the negative engagement of the administrative counterpart are also worth paying attention to. In the last part, the author puts forward some standardized suggestions for the problems existing in the practice of interviewing. The norms of the interviewing system not only need to perfect the procedural provisions of the interview, but also need to establish the supervision and relief mechanism. The system of internal complaints and the confirmation of illegal judgment in administrative litigation can show the way for the administrative counterpart who has been infringed on the interview.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.1

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