机动车责任强制保险中受害人直接请求权研究

发布时间：2019-04-25 20:11

【摘要】：机动车责任强制保险合同是现今最能保障受害人权益的保险合同,其产生和发展具有分散被保险人风险的作用,除了对金钱损失的风险转移之外,更为重要的是责任强制保险对投保人、保险人、被保险人等保险合同当事人精神上的安抚稳定作用。其次,责任保险制度解决了侵权人承担经济责任的问题,从而使赔偿责任能够真正落实,受害人真正得到救济。尽管这项制度为我国交通事故赔偿法律制度的建设做出了巨大的贡献,可是仍然存在一个巨大的缺点,即受害人直接请求权未在该保险制度中设立,不得不说是一个很大的遗憾。为发挥责任强制保险在救济受害人的合法权益方面的作用,汽车工业发达的国家均实施机动车责任强制保险,并且设立了受害人直接请求权,各国的司法实践表明,该请求权能够最大限度的保护受害人。但是我国责任强制保险的发展历史和实践都与国外成熟的责任强制保险制度有着较大的差距且缺失了受害人直接请求权的明确规定,能否适应现在中国的实际国情以及更为重要的的是否能满足民众的实际诉讼请求,需要时间来验证。本文立足于我国现阶段的法律制度规定,研究存在的热点问题,比较国外先进的制度和立法经验,结合我国实际情况,为问题的改善贡献自己的一份力量。本文拟在保险法、侵权责任法、道路交通安全法和合同法等法律的基础之上,结合国外成熟的理论和经验,对机动车责任强制保险法中的受害人直接请求权进行研究,本文除去引言和结语一共分五章内容,第一章简要介绍机动车责任强制保险的基本理论,包括含义和特征,以及简单介绍了受害人直接请求权的理论基础及三组学说。具体表现为合同相对性的突破和分离原则的修正,这两个理论的最新发展为我国建立受害人直接请求权提供了理论基石,其次是对三组学说进行了简要的介绍。第二章从比较法的角度出发,分析了世界上主要代表性国家和地区的受害人直接请求权制度。第三章主要涉及到受害人的定义、范围及法律地位。第四章主要介绍受害人直接请求权行使的一系列范畴。第五章主要是对该制度的思考,包括赋予直接请求权,科学界定受害人的范围以及重复给付的避免,最后介绍了统一受害人直接请求权的诉讼时效。
[Abstract]:The compulsory insurance contract of motor vehicle liability is the insurance contract which can protect the rights and interests of the victim most nowadays. Its emergence and development has the function of dispersing the insured's risk, except for the risk transfer of money loss. What is more important is liability compulsory insurance to policy-holder, insurer, insurant and so on insurance contract party spirit appeasement stable function. Secondly, the liability insurance system solves the problem that the infringer bears the economic responsibility, so that the liability of compensation can be truly implemented, and the victim gets the real relief. Although this system has made a great contribution to the construction of the legal system of compensation for traffic accidents in China, there is still a huge disadvantage that the victim's right to direct claim has not been established in this insurance system. I have to say a great regret. In order to give full play to the role of compulsory liability insurance in the relief of the legitimate rights and interests of the victims, the countries with developed automobile industry have implemented the compulsory insurance of motor vehicle liability, and have established the direct claim right of the victim. The judicial practice of each country shows that: The claim can protect the victim to the maximum extent. However, the development history and practice of compulsory liability insurance in China are quite different from the mature liability compulsory insurance system in foreign countries, and the explicit stipulation of the direct claim right of the victim is missing. It will take time to verify whether China can adapt to the actual situation and, more importantly, whether it can satisfy the actual litigation claims of the people. This article is based on the current legal system of our country, studies the existing hot issues, compares the foreign advanced system and legislative experience, combined with the actual situation of our country, contributes one's own strength for the improvement of the problem. Based on the laws of insurance law, tort liability law, road traffic safety law and contract law, and combining the mature theory and experience of foreign countries, this paper studies the direct claim right of the victim in the law of compulsory insurance of motor vehicle liability. This paper is divided into five chapters except the introduction and conclusion. The first chapter briefly introduces the basic theory of motor vehicle liability compulsory insurance, including the meaning and characteristics, as well as a brief introduction of the theoretical basis of the victim's direct claim and three sets of theories. The latest development of these two theories provides the theoretical foundation for the establishment of the victim's right of direct claim, followed by a brief introduction of the three groups of theories. The second chapter, from the perspective of comparative law, analyzes the direct claim system of victims in the main representative countries and regions in the world. The third chapter mainly deals with the definition, scope and legal status of the victim. The fourth chapter mainly introduces a series of categories of the direct claim of the victim. The fifth chapter is mainly to think about the system, including giving the right of direct claim, defining the scope of the victim scientifically and avoiding the repeated payment. Finally, the author introduces the limitation of action of unifying the victim's right of direct claim.
【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.14

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