大型梁柱复合式龙门电火花机床设计研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 03:26

本文关键词： 大型电火花机床梁柱复合式龙门比刚度工作液槽门　出处：《广东工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：机床是制造业的“工作母机”,代表着一个国家制造业水平,从某种意义上讲,可以折射出一个国家的工业发展水平。高档数控机床对一个国家的航空航天、模具制造、科学研究、精密机械、高精医疗设备等领域,都具有不可替代的作用。近年来,随着我国国民经济建设和国防建设步伐加快,社会对高档数控机床的需求日益提高。高档数控机床受制于国外的格局仍会制约我国制造业整体水平提升,影响我国现代工业的发展进步,因此开发研制具有自主知识产权的大型电火花数控机床有着重要现实意义。研制大型电火花机床应首先解决机械结构设计问题,这是机床性能、精度和可靠性的基础与保证。本文摒弃常规电火花机床单悬臂牛头横梁结构,创新性的设计龙门横梁结构,保证机床整机结构布局合理,横梁部件结构刚性大幅提高,驱动系统的驱动性能得以改善。工作液槽是电火花机床重要的辅助装置,本文还从机械结构方面设计了一种适合大型龙门结构火花机的工作液槽。围绕本课题的核心问题,本文对大型电火花机床进行了有针对性的设计研究,主要完成如下工作： (1)从电火花成形加工对火花机的要求入手,设计一款适用于大型加工工件的电火花加工机床,根据技术需求对机床的整体布局方案进行了设计与研究,包括机床的床身结构,龙门架结构,主轴结构等。为了提高机床的加工效率选择了双龙门的布局形式,为了提高加工精度采用了横梁简支受力结构。总体来说,这是一款采用梁柱复合结构的双龙门大型电火花成形机床,并已申报国家发明专利。 (2)工作液槽是电火花机床重要的辅助装置,是工作液循环系统的重要组成部分。通过对电火花机床工作液循环系统的介绍和研究,本文特别针对对本大型电火花成形机的工作需求,重点设计大型电火花机工作液槽的折叠门结构研究门的启动关闭、密封和自锁等关键技术,并为此申报国家发明专利。 (3)对所设计的电火花成形机床的主要运动部件,如横梁、动立柱、主轴进行了详细设计分析。从大型结构件比刚度概念出发,对传统悬臂牛头结构和本文龙门结构两种大型电火花机床相关技术部件进行分析比较,验证了龙门结构的优越性。 (4)通过对直线电机和旋转电机驱动的比较分析,本文对大型电火花机床的X、Y、Z三轴的驱动方式进行了选型研究,对其驱动结构进行了详细设计,对其中的X轴长跨距滚珠丝杠的振动问题进行了极限分析,提出了减振提速的可行性技术方案。
[Abstract]:Machine tool is the "working mother machine" of manufacturing industry, which represents the manufacturing level of a country. In a sense, it can reflect the level of industrial development of a country. Mold manufacturing, scientific research, precision machinery, high-precision medical equipment and other fields, have played an irreplaceable role. In recent years, with the pace of national economic construction and national defense construction accelerated. The demand for high-grade CNC machine tools is increasing day by day. The pattern of high-grade CNC machine tools restricted by foreign countries will still restrict the overall level of our manufacturing industry and affect the development and progress of our modern industry. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop and develop large EDM CNC machine tools with independent intellectual property rights. It is necessary to solve the problem of mechanical structure design in the development of large EDM, which is the basis and guarantee of machine performance, precision and reliability. In this paper, the single-arm oxhead beam structure of conventional EDM is abandoned. Innovative design of the gantry beam structure to ensure that the machine tool structure layout is reasonable, the structural rigidity of the beam parts greatly improved. The driving performance of the drive system is improved. The working tank is an important auxiliary device of EDM. This paper also designs a kind of working liquid tank suitable for large gantry structure spark machine from the aspect of mechanical structure. Around the core problem of this subject, this paper has carried on the targeted design research to the large-scale electric spark machine tool. The main tasks are as follows: 1) starting with the requirement of EDM to spark machine, a EDM machine tool suitable for large workpiece machining is designed. According to the technical requirements, the overall layout scheme of EDM machine is designed and studied. Including machine bed structure, gantry frame structure, spindle structure and so on. In order to improve the machining efficiency of the machine tool, the double gantry layout form is selected, in order to improve the machining accuracy, the simply supported force structure of the crossbeam is adopted. This is a double-gantry EDM machine with Liang Zhu compound structure, and has been declared national invention patent. Working tank is an important auxiliary device of EDM and an important part of working fluid circulatory system. This paper introduces and studies the working fluid circulating system of EDM. According to the working demand of the large EDM machine, this paper focuses on the design of the folding door structure of the working tank of the large EDM machine. The key technologies such as the starting and closing, sealing and self-locking of the door are mainly designed in this paper. And to this application for national invention patents. In this paper, the main moving parts of the EDM machine tool, such as beam, column and spindle, are designed and analyzed in detail, starting from the concept of specific stiffness of large structural parts. The advantages of the traditional cantilever ox-head structure and the gantry structure of this paper are analyzed and compared, and the advantages of the gantry structure are verified. Through the comparative analysis of linear motor and rotary motor drive, this paper studies the type selection of the driving mode of the large EDM XFY Z three-axis, and designs the driving structure of the drive structure in detail. 4) by comparing and analyzing the driving mode of the linear motor and the rotating motor, the driving mode of the large EDM is studied in this paper. The limit analysis of the vibration of the X-axis long span ball screw is carried out, and the feasible technical scheme of reducing vibration and increasing speed is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：广东工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TG661

【引证文献】