姓名权商品化的民法保护研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 11:15

本文选题：人格权　切入点：姓名权商品化　出处：《西南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的发展,商业活动的频繁以及网络技术的迅猛发展,人格权商品化现象越来越普遍。姓名权作为人格权中的一项具体人格权,也频繁的被商业化利用。在现实生活中,各种姓名广告、姓名商标以及姓名域名充斥着人们的生活,姓名权商品化过程中通过商品化的姓名权这一权利载体也凸显出交换价值和使用价值。随之而来的是对姓名权商业化利用过程中的各种侵权问题,由于我国目前在理论和实践中对姓名权商业化利用的保护不足,导致权利人的合法权利得不到及时有效地救济,如何更好地保护姓名权商业化利用问题成为在人格权商品化背景法律制度的使命。姓名权商品化是市场经济发展的必然结果,在商品经济不发达的时代,由于缺乏对人格利益的财产评价机制,因此不存在姓名权商品化的现象。姓名权商品化是时代发展的要求,在姓名权商业化利用的过程中,基于自然人姓名要素的人格特性和商业利用过程中凸显的经济价值,商品化的姓名权其实蕴含了精神与财产的双重利益。如何更好的保护其中的双重利益,理论界也提出了各种路径来解决其所带来的问题,代表性的有传统人格权路径、知识产权路径和财产权(二元)权利路径。财产权(二元)权利的观点大胆的突破了人格权与财产权体系的藩篱。将姓名权商品化产生的经济利益从人格权制度的控制下解放出来,给它披上了财产权的外衣,让姓名权横跨人格权和财产权两大体系,可以说是解决姓名权商品化保护问题的一次大胆尝试。对姓名权商品化的保护最终要落实到权利之上,通过姓名权商品化过程中确立商品化的姓名权,从而将自然人的合法权益归于权利上进行保护。然而我国目前对姓名权商品化的保护在立法和实践中都缺乏系统的规定,虽然在一些法律条文中可以找到保护姓名权商业化利用的依据,但是面对姓名权商业利用的浪潮,这些远远不够；在司法实践中法院的判决也往往对姓名权商业化的保护模棱两可。结合我国对姓名权商业化保护的现状,我国对姓名权商业利用的保护主要两大问题：第一,商品化的姓名权中财产利益保护不完善；第二,商品化的姓名权中精神利益保护不完善。从世界各国来看,对姓名权商品化保护具有代表性的国家是美国和德国。美国主要采取了隐私权和公开权分立的方式,即二元保护模式；而德国采取了一元保护模式,即在人格权体系下,通过扩充人格权的内容,承认人格权中存在的经济利益来保护姓名权的商品化。两国都是根据本国的实际情况,制定了符合本国国情的保护体系,这就告诉我们在进行姓名权商品化保护时,要结合我国的国情,吸收和借鉴两国的先进经验。为完善我国姓名权商业化的民法保护,我们一方面要在财产权(二元)权利体系下寻求突破口,在财产权(二元)权利体系下,将商品化的姓名权区分为财产性姓名权和人格性姓名权进行区别保护,从而加强对其双重利益的保护。另一方面,在加强姓名权商品化保护的同时,明确姓名权商业化利用的界限,这样才能有效的保护权利的合法权利,维护社会经济秩序。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy, the rapid development of network technology and the frequent commercial activities, more and more common phenomenon of the commercialization of personality rights. The right to name as a personal right of a specific right of personality, is also frequent commercial use. In real life, a variety of names and name domain name trademark advertising, full of people life, the right of name in the commercialization process of commercialization of right of name also highlights the exchange value and use value through the right carrier. Followed by the name of commercial use right infringement of various problems in the process, due to China's protection in theory and practice of the right to use the commercial name, cause the obligee's rights are not relief timely and effectively, how to better protect the right of the name of commercial use becomes in the commercialization of personality rights legal system background mission. Taking the right of name Product is the inevitable result of the development of market economy, the commodity economy era, due to the lack of property evaluation mechanism of personality interests, so there is no phenomenon of the commercialization of right of name. The commercialization of right of name is a development of the times, in the name of commercial use of the process, highlighting the elements of the name of a natural person. The process of personality characteristics and commercial use of economic value based on the commercialization of right of name in fact contains a double benefit spirit and property. How to better protect the interests of both the theoretical circles also put forward a path to solve the problem brought by the traditional personality right path representation, path of intellectual property rights and the property rights path (two yuan) (two yuan). Property rights view bold breakthrough personality right and property right system barriers. The economic benefits will the commercialization of right of name generated from the personality right system Under the control of liberation, clothed it in the property of the coat, let the name right across the personality right and property right system two, can be said to be a bold attempt to solve the problem of the commercialization of right of name protection. Protection of the name of the commercialization of right to rights, through the establishment of commercialization the right of name right of name in the commercialization process, thus the nature of the legitimate rights and interests to rights protection. However, our current protection of the commercialization of right of name in the legislation and practice are lack of systematic regulations, although in some legal provisions can be found in the protection of the right of name of commercial use of the basis, but in the face of the right to name the commercial use of the wave, which is not enough; in judicial practice, the court's decision is often the right of name commercial protection. With the current situation of ready to accept either course of commercial name right protection in China, China The right to name the commercial use of the protection of two major problems: first, the commercialization of right of name in the protection of property interests is not perfect; second, the commercialization of right of name in the spiritual interests is not perfect. From around the world, the representative of the commercialization of right of name protection in the United States and Germany. The United States has mainly adopted the right of privacy and the public powers in the way, that is two yuan protection mode; and Germany adopted a yuan protection mode, namely in the system of personality right, personality right through the expansion of the content, to admit the existence of the right of personality in the economic interests to protect the right of name of commodity. The two countries are based on their actual situation, formulate the protection system in line with national conditions, this tells us in the commercialization of right of name protection, should be combined with China's national conditions, to absorb and learn advanced experience of the two countries. In order to improve the commercial name of our country civil rights Law protection, we must in the property right (two yuan) to seek a breakthrough in the property rights system, rights system (two yuan), the commercial name right from the property right of name and personal name right of protection, so as to strengthen the protection of the double benefits. On the other hand and in the strengthening of the commercialization of right of name protection at the same time, clear boundaries of right of name of commercial use, so the protection of the rights to effective legal rights, to safeguard social and economic order.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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